Behavior of Aromatic Compounds Contained in Kraft Mill Effluents Treated by an Aerated Lagoon

Chamorro, Soledad; Xavier, Claudia Regina; Vidal, Gladys

doi:10.1021/bp040040x

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…These results suggest that the residual COD consisted in lignin compounds, which were also the major aromatic species in these effluents. The same results were found by Chamorro et al (2005) and Milestone et al (2004).VIS 400 and VIS 436 show color behavior during the aerobic treatment. Low values show that recalcitrant compounds are present in the treated effluent (Çeçen, 1999; Çeçen, 2003).…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…These phenomena were observed in previous work. In fact, Chamorro et al (2005) show that aromatic compounds of the higher molecular weight fraction (from 5.000 to 10.000 Da) increased after an AL biological treatment. This phenomenon is due to the oxidation-polymerization process (Milestone et al 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Aerobic removal of stigmasterol contained in kraft mill effluents

Chamorro

Xavier

Hernández

et al. 2009

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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Kraft mill effluent, due to its organic matter content and acute toxicity, must be treated. A primary treatment followed by a secondary treatment is the most common system. Aerated lagoon is also considered an effective biological treatment, although this technology has some drawbacks related with operation parameters and land extension space. Moreover, the recovery efficiency for micropollutants contained in kraft mill effluent is questioned due to the anoxic zone in the *Corresponding author system. The goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of the aerated lagoon to remove stigmasterol contained in kraft mill effluents. Kraft mill effluent was treated by an aerated lagoon (AL), which was operated with three different stigmasterol load rates (SLR = 0.2, 0.6 and 1.1 mg/L x d) and a hydraulic retention time of 1 day. The AL's maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal was 65%, whereas the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) was around 95%.Chamorro, S. et al. 2The removal efficiency of stigmasterol removal was 96% when SLR 1.1 mg/L x d, although an accumulation of stigmasterol was detected for lower SLR.Estrogenic endocrine disruption could be produced by extractive compounds coming from the kraft pulp. High concentrations of extractive compounds (and in particular sterols) are contained in black liquor from the digestion processes, and these are generally recovered by evaporation and combustion . However, there is a small part of black liquor that remains in the fiber and is dragged into the washing processes. Thus, in the discharged kraft mill effluents, concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3.4 mg/L for sterols and 0.28 to 1.21 mg/L for resin acids can be found (Vidal et al. 2007 where the whitening process consisted in elementary chlorine free processes, finding that a phytosterol reduction process was produced in all cases except in the case of stigmasterol, where it could increase between 192% and 367%. In the activated sludge system, an 88% increase in stigmasterol was observed, and is probably due to the chemical or biological transformation in the precursor treatment system where it was converted into stigmasterol (Cook et al. 1997). However, few studies present results with respect to EDC behavior in aerated lagoons.The goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of aerated lagoon in removing stigmasterol contained in kraft mill effluents. MATERIALS AND METHODS WastewaterThe effluent was obtained from a modern kraft mill that bleaches softwood pulp and is located in Southern Chile. Pinus radiata is the raw material used in the process. The kraft mill effluent was obtained after primary treatment. Table 1 shows the main physicochemical characteristics of this effluent. The effluent was supplemented with 0.022 g/L of NH 4 Cl as nitrogen source and 0.169 g/L of K 2 PO 4 as phosphorus source (BOD 5 :N:P = 100:5:1). InoculumThe aerobic lagoon was inoculated using an aerobic microbial consortium (5 g/L of volatile suspended solid (VSS), 9 g/L of total suspended solid (TSS)) that was obtained from ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

supporting

confidence: 85%

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Aerobic removal of stigmasterol contained in kraft mill effluents

Chamorro

Xavier

Hernández

et al. 2009

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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“…However, as already discussed, there was removal of other organic compounds measured as COD and DOC. The results are similar to the observations reported by Çeçen (1999) and Chamorro et al (2005).…”

Section: Effect On the Absorption Wavelengths In The Uv-vis Spectral supporting

confidence: 92%

“…In order to identify specific groups of compounds based on recent studies reported in the literature (Thomas et al, 1996;Çeçen, 1999;Arslan-Alaton et al, 2002;Langergraber et al, 2004;Chamorro et al, 2005;Lunidquist et al, 2007), a scan was performed of the UV-VIS spectrum between 200 and 346 nm. Çeçen (1999) proposed the use of the following wavelengths and ratios: VIS 346 for lignosulphonic acids; UV 254 for aromatic compounds; UV 280 for lignin derivatives, and the relationships VIS 346 /CODd and UV 280 /CODd.…”

Section: Physicochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic treatment of cellulose bleach plant wastewater: chlorinated organics and genotoxicity removal

Chaparro

Pires

2011

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-This study assessed the removal efficiency of organic matter and how it relates to the decrease of toxic and mutagenic effects when an anaerobic reactor is used to treat the bleaching effluent from two kraft pulp mills. Parameters such as COD (chemical oxygen demand), DOC (dissolved organic carbon), AOX (adsorbable organic halogen), ASL (acid soluble lignin), color, chlorides, total phenols and absorbance values in the UV-VIS spectral region were measured. The acute and chronic toxicity and genetic toxicity assessments were performed with Daphnia similis, Ceriodaphnia sp. and Allium cepa L, respectively. The removal efficiency of organic matter measured as COD, ranged from 45% to 55%, while AOX removal ranged from 40% to 45%. The acute toxic and chronic effects, as well as the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects, decrease as the biodegradable fraction of the organics is removed. These results, together with the organic load measurement of the effluents of the anaerobic treatment, indicate that these effluents are recalcitrant but not toxic. As expected, color increased when the anaerobic treatment was applied. However, the colored compounds are of microbial origin and do not cause an increase in genotoxic effects. To discharge the wastewater, it is necessary to apply a physico-chemical or aerobic biological post-treatment to the effluents of the anaerobic reactor.

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Detection of Estrogenic Activity from Kraft Mill Effluents by the Yeast Estrogen Screen

Chamorro

Hernández

Monsalvez

et al. 2009

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Estrogenic activity of kraft pulp mill effluents (P. radiata, E. globulus and mixed -50% E. globulus and 50% P. radiata) was evaluated by the yeast estrogen screen assay. The estrogenic activity values were relatively low, ranking between 1.475 and 0.383 ng/L of EE2 eq. (Estrogenic equivalent of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol), where the highest value corresponds to the E. globulus effluent and the lowest value to the P. radiata effluent. Analysis by solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of chemical compounds present in all three effluents detected at least five major groups of organic compounds, corresponding to fatty acids, hydrocarbons, phenols, sterols and triterpenes. Comparison of analytical and biological data suggests that sterols could be the cause of the estrogenic activity in the evaluated effluent.

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Behavior of Aromatic Compounds Contained in Kraft Mill Effluents Treated by an Aerated Lagoon

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Aerobic removal of stigmasterol contained in kraft mill effluents

Aerobic removal of stigmasterol contained in kraft mill effluents

Anaerobic treatment of cellulose bleach plant wastewater: chlorinated organics and genotoxicity removal

Detection of Estrogenic Activity from Kraft Mill Effluents by the Yeast Estrogen Screen

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