Behavior of constitutive models from slow strain rate test of maraging 300 and 350 steels performed in several environmental conditions

Chales, Rodrigo; Cardoso, Andréia de Souza Martins; Garcia, Pedro Soucasaux Pires; Igreja, Hugo Ribeiro da; Almeida, Brígida Bastos de; Noris, Leosdan Figueredo; Pardal, Juan Manuel; Tavares, Sérgio Souto Maior; Silva, Maria Margareth da

doi:10.1007/s10704-021-00604-0

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Titanium is the most effective strengthening agent in these steels. When manufacturing these steels, the carbon content should be reduced as much as possible to prevent the formation of titanium carbides [13]. The Laves phases have AB 2 stoichiometry of the (Ti, Mo)(Fe, Cr, Ni) 2 type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo

Pérez-Gonzalo,

González-Pociño,

Alvarez-Antolin

et al. 2023

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this paper was to optimise the manufacturing parameters of a new maraging steel alloy with 8% Cr, reduced Ni content (7%), and no Co or Mo. This alloy was developed by ArcelorMittal and its trade name is LeanSi. The alloy was produced using the selective laser melting (SLM) process. In the as-built state, the microstructure of the alloy was fully martensitic. The optimisation of the manufacturing parameters was determined via a multivariate factorial design of experiments including 12 experiments and three factors. The factors (i.e., the fabrication parameters) analysed were laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance. The objective was to eliminate porosity and maximise density. It was concluded that, to achieve this, the laser power should be set at 250 W, the scanning speed at 1000 mm/s, and the hatch distance at 80 microns. The porosity obtained under these manufacturing parameters was 0.06 ± 0.03% with a confidence level of 95%. If these manufacturing parameters were modified, the material exhibited a defective interlayer bond with the formation of “balling” and high porosity. The tensile specimens tested in the as-built state showed plastic deformation. However, all the aged specimens showed brittle fracture behaviour, evidenced by the presence of very small micro-cavities (where the fracture energy consumed was very small) and small cleavage planes. The specimens produced with the manufacturing parameters at their optimum levels and aged at 480 °C for 2 h achieved tensile strength values that averaged 1430 MPa. The porosity of these specimens was reduced by more than 85%. Reverse austenite was detected at ageing temperatures of 540 °C upwards.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Laves phases have AB 2 stoichiometry of the (Ti, Mo)(Fe, Cr, Ni) 2 type. These precipitates remain dispersedly integrated in the martensite laths after cooling [2,13,14]. These precipitates have a compact hexagonal crystalline symmetry (HCP) and their size is around 200 nm [6,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo

Pérez-Gonzalo,

González-Pociño,

Alvarez-Antolin

et al. 2023

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The C content should be avoided in order to prevent the formation of Ti carbides [12]. Excessively high austenitizing temperatures may favor an increase in austenitic grain size [13,14], weakening the hardening of the aged martensite [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a Double Aging Process in a Maraging 300 Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting, Using the Design of Experiments Technique

Pérez-Gonzalo,

González-Pociño,

Alvarez-Antolin

et al. 2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to optimize the aging treatment of a maraging 300 steel, without prior austenitizing, manufactured by the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The study includes the analysis of a double aging process. In addition, the impact of the aging treatment on corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was analyzed. The research technique followed was a factorial design of experiments with three factors and two levels, performing one replicate of each experiment. The results show that excellent mechanical properties can be achieved by omitting the solubilization treatment prior to aging. The highest hardness and tensile strength were achieved by performing a double aging at 460 °C for 8 h. Under these conditions, the maximum hardness exceeded 615 HV and the tensile strength was over 2140 MPa. Aging at 520 °C caused the formation of reverse austenite. The aging temperature was the only factor that had a significant effect on the formation of reverse austenite. It should be noted that the holding time at this temperature did not have a significant effect. The corrosion resistance, in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution, increased in the aged samples compared to the as-printed sample. Samples overaged at 520 °C showed the best corrosion resistance. It can be concluded that the predominant cathodic reaction taking place is the reduction of oxygen dissolved in the electrolyte.

show abstract

“…Microstructure may include primary carbides of the M 6 C type, related to W, carbides of the MC type related to V, carbides of the M 7 C 3 type related to Cr, and M 2 C carbides related to Mo [10], which improve wear resistance features [11]. The presence of a high density of VC (vanadium carbide) increases adhesive wear resistance and Mo improves steel hardenability [12,13]. On the other side, the effect given by W may also be achieved by adding Mo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Shot Peening and Nitriding on Toughness and Abrasive Wear Resistance of Powder Metallurgic Steels Highly Alloyed with Vanadium

González-Pociño,

García-García,

Alvarez-Antolin

et al. 2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Böhler K390 steel is used for cold work tools, with 9% of V, made by using powder metallurgy. In this work, it has been studied the effect of shot peening and nitriding surface treatments on wear resistance and impact toughness of this type of steel. For this purpose, previous changes in several thermal processing factors related to quenching and tempering were carried out. The results allow for an increase in the hardness, impact toughness, and abrasive wear resistance of these steels. An austenitizing treatment at 1100 °C with air cooling and 3 tempering processes at 550 °C is suggested. These conditions foster a lower weight percentage of retained austenite, up to 3%, a higher carbide percentage, up to 15–16% in weight, and a greater impact toughness with no notch, of above 40 J/cm2. If this treatment is combined with further ion nitriding, the maximum level of abrasive wear resistance is reached. The only carbide type present in the microstructure is the MC type. Most of the V, Cr, and Mo contents are present in said carbides. The Co and the W tend to remain in solid solution in the matrix constituent. Both the shot peening treatment as well as ion nitriding offer a considerable increase in hardness, with values of up to 1500–1600 HV. Nevertheless, it has been confirmed that shot peening does not offer any abrasive wear resistance improvement. Such resistance may only be considerably improved by the application of an ionic nitriding treatment. The thickness of the nitrided layer fluctuates between 150 and 175 µm. The carbides are affected by nitriding, reaching levels that are higher than the atomic 10%, at an intermediate depth of the nitrided layer. These values are higher in the matrix constituent, as they are even higher than the atomic 20% in N.

show abstract

Behavior of constitutive models from slow strain rate test of maraging 300 and 350 steels performed in several environmental conditions

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo

The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo

Analysis of a Double Aging Process in a Maraging 300 Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting, Using the Design of Experiments Technique

Effect of Shot Peening and Nitriding on Toughness and Abrasive Wear Resistance of Powder Metallurgic Steels Highly Alloyed with Vanadium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About