Behavior of hydrogen nanobubbles in alkaline electrolyzed water and its rinse effect for sulfate ion remained on nickel-plated surface

Takenouchi, Toshikazu

doi:10.1007/s10800-009-0068-z

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We have not directly demonstrated that the nanoparticles produced by electrolysis are gaseous, but the balance of the evidence is that they are indeed nanobubbles. Consistent with previous reports of nanoparticle production from solutions supersaturated by electrolysis, we will henceforth refer to them as nanobubbles. − The size and concentration of nanobubbles produced by electrolysis were determined using the Nanosight instrument. Samples of ec-H 2 O NaCl were filtered through a 450 nm filter before introduction into the NanoSight cell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Electrolysis has also been reported to produce nanobubbles in the bulk. − Electrolysis results in the supersaturation of oxygen and hydrogen in the anodic and cathodic streams of the solution, respectively, causing bubbles to be nucleated. Larger bubbles quickly rise to the surface and burst, but particle sizing techniques show persistent nanoparticles of around 100 nm following electrolysis that are not present in control solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cleaning with Bulk Nanobubbles

et al. 2016

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The electrolysis of aqueous solutions produces solutions that are supersaturated in oxygen and hydrogen gas. This results in the formation of gas bubbles, including nanobubbles ∼100 nm in size that are stable for ∼24 h. These aqueous solutions containing bubbles have been evaluated for cleaning efficacy in the removal of model contaminants bovine serum albumin and lysozyme from surfaces and in the prevention of the fouling of surfaces by these same proteins. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces were investigated. It is shown that nanobubbles can prevent the fouling of surfaces and that they can also clean already fouled surfaces. It is also argued that in practical applications where cleaning is carried out rapidly using a high degree of mechanical agitation the role of cleaning agents is not primarily in assisting the removal of soil but in suspending the soil that is removed by mechanical action and preventing it from redepositing onto surfaces. This may also be the primary mode of action of nanobubbles during cleaning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleaning with Bulk Nanobubbles

et al. 2016

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“…The creaming process is significantly slower for small nanoscale bubbles; thus, a higher level of stability of aqueous nanobubble suspensions can be expected. Utilization of gas nanobubbles is considered to be beneficial in a variety of applications, including agriculture, aquaculture, industrial manufacturing, − energy saving and diesel engine performance, , cleaning, , and growth of lives . In the past, it was believed that gas nanobubbles cannot exist in water due to the high pressure generated by the gas–water surface tension, which is inversely proportional to the radius of the bubble (Young–Laplace equation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of Oxygen Molecules in Aqueous Supersaturated Solutions

Buckin

2019

J. Phys. Chem. B

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The state of oxygen in aqueous supersaturated solutions prepared by different methods was studied using highresolution ultrasonic spectroscopy in combination with other techniques. This allowed for nondestructive evaluation of the properties of oxygen solute particles, composed of oxygen molecules and surrounding (coordinating) molecules of water, at equilibrium, supersaturated conditions, and different temperatures and concentrations of O 2 . The results were compared with the behaviors of other types of solutes in water, including H 2 O 2 , which has similar molecular size and mass to O 2 but is characterized by a significantly different type of interaction with water molecules. Additionally, theoretical modeling was performed to assess the ultrasonic characteristics of dispersions of oxygen nanobubbles stabilized by a surface electrical charge. The obtained data indicate a clathrate-like organization of water in the coordination shells of single molecules of O 2 . We did not find any signs of formation of clusters of oxygen molecules in supersaturated solutions. No quantifiable presence of oxygen nanobubbles in the solutions was detected. The state of O 2 molecules was not affected by supersaturation within the analyzed concentration range of oxygen. The results also demonstrated the potential of the ultrasonic technique in precision real-time nondestructive monitoring of oxygen solubilization and outgassing processes.

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“…Incorporating gas bubbles in the water used for cleaning has been reported for diverse substrates such as silicon wafers, mica, nickel-plated surfaces, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), gold surfaces, stainless steel coupons and polypropylene pipe. 39,43,98,105,[121][122][123][124][125] Burfoot et al first showed that adding bubbles into cleaning water during ultrasonic cleaning improves the removal of biofilm, carbohydrate, fat and protein deposits from steel surfaces. They suggested that the cleaning is due to the action of the bubbles rather than the cavitation events associated with ultrasonic cleaning.…”

Section: Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They showed that AEW cleans and removes sulfate ions efficiently from the nickel-plated surface due to the ion exchange reaction between hydroxide ions located at the nanobubble interface and the sulfate ions remained on the nickel surface. 43 A recent study by Zhu et al investigated the cleaning efficacy of bulk nanobubbles in the removal of model contaminants bovine serum albumin and lysozyme from silicon wafers with opposite wettability (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). They found that bulk nanobubbles can prevent the fouling of both surfaces and remove the contamination from hydrophilic surfaces but not from hydrophobic surfaces.…”

Section: Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic investigation of interactions of bulk nanobubbles with soft matter

Zhang

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Samenvatting Acknowledgements 1.1 Bulk nanobubbles 5 point of pH 2.2-2.4, which is consistent with other reports. 37, 38 Water electrolysis Water electrolysis has also been used to generate bulk nanobubbles. 31, 39-45 Water electrolysis can generate solutions supersaturated with oxygen gas at the anode and hydrogen gas at the cathode. Subsequently, stable colloids are observed in the supersaturated solution. Takenouchi et al. used platinum-coated titanium electrodes to electrolyze water with dilute potassium carbonate as electrolyte, resulting in an alkaline electrolyzed water with hydrogen nanobubbles at the cathode. DLS revealed that in a closed system hydrogen nanobubbles have a diameter of about 128 nm even 24 h after formation, whereas in an open system Ostwald ripening was observed. However, in both systems, after a week, a few hydrogen nanobubbles smaller than 300 nm diameter can still be observed. Ultrasonication Another way to generate bulk nanobubbles is by ultrasonication. 34, 46, 47 The earliest report that suggested the generation of bulk nanobubbles could be traced back to 1962. Sette and Wanderlingh suggested that nucleation in ultrasonic cavitation is influenced by cosmic radiation. They imply that the generation of bulk gaseous bubbles at low concentrations may be connected to heating and radiolytic effects. This would create small overheated H 2 and O 2 oversaturated regions along the path of radiation, inside which bulk bubbles may be generated. In addition, the generated bulk bubbles seem to be stabilized by a process associated with impurities. 47 Kim and his colleagues generated bulk nanobubbles by ultrasonication with a two-sided 5 mm × 10 mm palladium coated electrode at a frequency of 42 kHz. DLS and electrophoresis give the bubbles an average size of 300 to 500 nm and negative zeta potentials at all pH, respectively. 34 Yet, the mechanism of nanobubble 20 24 Recently we have shown the interactions of bulk nanobubbles with negatively charged gold nanoparticles. 1 Our experiments employ high-power water electrolysis, which generates a large amount of supersaturated oxygen and hydrogen gas that can participate in bubble nucleation. This results in

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Behavior of hydrogen nanobubbles in alkaline electrolyzed water and its rinse effect for sulfate ion remained on nickel-plated surface

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Cleaning with Bulk Nanobubbles

Cleaning with Bulk Nanobubbles

State of Oxygen Molecules in Aqueous Supersaturated Solutions

Systematic investigation of interactions of bulk nanobubbles with soft matter

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