Behavior of Intermediate CaTiO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in Reduction Process of TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; by Calcium Vapor

Jia, Jin Gang; Xu, Bao Qiang; Yang, Bin; Wang, Dong Sheng; Xiong, Heng; Liu, Da Chun

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.551.25

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Jia et al 81 obtained Ti powders by calcium vapor reduction of TiO 2 directly through the formation of an essential intermediate CaTiO 3 compound. It was stated that based on thermodynamic calculation, the Gibbs energy change of the reaction to produce CaTiO 3 by CaO and TiO 2 is always negative below 1000 ℃.…”

Section: Prp Methods and Emr Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—The Emerging Technologies for Producing Low-Cost Titanium

Reddy

Shinde

Liu

2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This paper presents a thorough review of various technologies to obtain titanium and its alloys and their discussion concerning their merits and demerits. Titanium and its alloys are ideal advanced structural materials because of their excellent properties such as high corrosion resistance, exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, bio-compatible, non-magnetic and mechanical properties. As a result, such materials are served extensively for several engineering applications that include wind turbines, auto industries, biomedical implants, aerospace industry, marine structures, and many others. However, the low yield and higher cost production of the current employed energy-intensive Kroll process restricts the widespread use of titanium and its alloys. Numerous alternative extraction processes have been developed during the last few decades to produce titanium and its alloys in a more accessible and cost-effective way. Amid growing demand for titanium in the market, it is necessary to consider the impact of technological innovations that can reduce titanium production cost. Recent research and developments on the electrochemical reduction method of titanium production from molten salts or ionic liquids have shown promising results. This paper reviews the developments on titanium production and its alloys by various techniques, including but not limited to molten salt electrolysis processes, such as the FFC-Cambridge process, the OS process, the USTB process, and ionic-liquid electrolysis.

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Section: Prp Methods and Emr Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—The Emerging Technologies for Producing Low-Cost Titanium

Reddy

Shinde

Liu

2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…CaO was almost removed by acid leaching, and it is not the reason that caused the high oxygen content in titanium powders. Calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 ) is the inevitable intermediate product in calciothermic reduction of TiO 2 [20]. When it was not reduced fully, CaTiO 3 would stay in reduction products and be hardly leached by diluted hydrochloric acid, which contributed oxygen to titanium powders.…”

Section: Characterization Of Leaching Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching of Calcium Vapor Reduction Products of TiO₂

Wang

Yang

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium

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Preparation of titanium powders from TiO 2 by calcium vapor reduction is one of the most active new methods for titanium production, and the acid leaching process of reduction products plays an important role in this process. In this paper, the leaching process of the reduction products for 1kg scale experiment was investigated by XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS, ICP-AES and EDTA complex formation titration. The results show CaO and other impurities can be effectively removed by dilute HCl solution. The leaching rate of titanium decreases with deceasing temperature, initial acid-to-calcium molar ratio and particle size but increasing liquid-to-solid ratio. And the leaching rate of calcium increases with increasing temperature, initial acid-to-calcium molar ratio, liquid-to-solid ratio but decreasing particle size. Residual oxygen in titanium powders is mainly resulted from uncompleted reduction of the intermediate CaTiO 3 besides the Ti-O solid solution.

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