Behavior of methyl isothiocyanate in soils under field conditions in Morocco

Hadiri, Najat El; Ammati, M.; Chgoura, M.; Khayli, Mounir

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00331-4

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In a previous laboratory experiment, methyl ITC retention was 40% higher under a VIF mulch compared to a LDPE mulch (Austerweil et al 2006). When tested under field conditions, VIF failed to increase methyl ITC retention compared to a transparent LDPE mulch (Hadiri et al 2003). In addition, VIF is less flexible than LDPE mulch; therefore excessive stretching during laying in the field can cause breakdown of the polyamide layer and increase the permeability of VIF mulch to gases (Noling et al 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Allyl Isothiocyanate: A Methyl Bromide Replacement in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

et al. 2011

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Methyl bromide has been a key fumigant for broad-spectrum weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. However, the ozone-depleting nature of methyl bromide has led to its scheduled phaseout from U.S. agriculture. Thus, an effective alternative to methyl bromide is needed. Field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to evaluate the crop response and weed control efficacy of allyl isothiocyanate (ITC) in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. The experiment included various combinations of two mulch types (low density polyethylene [LDPE] and virtually impermeable film [VIF] mulch) and six rates of allyl isothiocyanate (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1,500 kg ha−1). Additionally, a standard treatment of methyl bromide/chloropicrin (67 : 33%) at 390 kg ha−1 under LDPE mulch was included for comparison. Bell pepper injury was < 3% in all treatments, except 11% injury at 1,500 kg ha−1 allyl isothiocyanate under VIF mulch at 2 wk after transplanting (WATP). VIF mulch did not provide additional weed control and marketable pepper yield over LDPE mulch. Allyl isothiocyanate at 932 (± 127) kg ha−1 controlled yellow nutsedge (90%), Palmer amaranth (97%), and large crabgrass (92%) through 6 WATP and maintained the marketable yield equivalent to methyl bromide treatment. This research demonstrates that allyl ITC under an LDPE mulch can serve as a potential alternative to methyl bromide for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Allyl Isothiocyanate: A Methyl Bromide Replacement in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

et al. 2011

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“…For example, in a closed system, VIF mulch proved to be 40% less permeable to methyl ITC compared to LDPE mulch (Austerweil et al 2006). However, when tested under field conditions, VIF mulch failed to improve methyl ITC retention in treated soil compared to LDPE mulch (Hadiri et al 2003). It is suspected that VIF mulch permeability in field conditions can increase two to three times compared to that under laboratory conditions, which could be attributed to breakdown of the polyamide layer due to stretching and tearing during laying (Noling et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicidal Performance of Phenyl Isothiocyanate in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

2012

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Methyl bromide is a common fumigant for effective weed control in polyethylene-mulched vegetable crops. However, the ban on methyl bromide in the United States has created a need to find a suitable alternative. This study investigated the herbicidal efficacy of phenyl isothiocyanate (ITC) as a methyl bromide alternative for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper during 2006 and 2007. Six rates of phenyl ITC (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1,500 kg ha−1) under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) or virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch were tested against yellow nutsedge, Palmer amaranth, and large crabgrass. Additionally, a standard treatment of methyl bromide/chloropicrin (67 : 33%) at 390 kg ha−1under LDPE mulch was included for comparison. VIF mulch provided no advantage over LDPE mulch in either improving weed control or marketable yield in bell pepper. Unacceptable pepper injury (≥ 60%) occurred at the highest phenyl ITC rate of 1,500 kg ha−1at 2 WATP in both years, regardless of mulch type. Higher bell pepper injury was observed in 2006 (≥ 36%) than in 2007 (≤ 11%) at 750 kg ha−1of phenyl ITC. The lower injury in 2007 could be attributed to aeration of beds 48 h prior to transplanting. Regardless of mulch type, phenyl ITC at 2,071 (± 197) and 1,655 (± 309) kg ha−1was required to control yellow nutsedge, Palmer amaranth, and large crabgrass equivalent to methyl bromide in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Bell pepper marketable yield at all rates of phenyl ITC was lower than methyl bromide in 2006. In contrast, marketable yield in phenyl ITC at 750–kg ha−1was equivalent to methyl bromide in 2007. It is concluded that phenyl ITC should be applied at least 4.2 times higher rate than methyl bromide for effective weed control, and bed aeration is required to minimize crop injury and yield loss. Additional research is needed to test phenyl ITC in combination with other weed control strategies to obtain effective weed control with acceptable crop safety.

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“…At Bree, 6, 15, and 23 days after the experimental set-up, these values were 1.200, 0.294, and 0.591%, respectively. Higher soil moisture contents are also beneficial for the efficacy of metamsodium based CSD, as metam-sodium needs to be converted into its active metabolite, methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), by chemical hydrolysis [62,63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Tuber Vitality of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

et al. 2023

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Cyperus esculentus is considered the sixteenth worst weed in the world. The weed causes huge losses in arable crops. Current control strategies are based on combinations of chemical and mechanical methods, repeated over years, and aim to deplete the belowground bud bank. However, this is a slow process. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) using readily decomposable carbon sources may be a promising innovative method to quickly deplete the bud bank. This study investigated the effect of ASD with fresh grass clippings (dosage of 80 tonnes ha−1) differing in C:N ratio and Herbie® (consists of organic by-products from the food processing industry, dosage of 25 tonnes ha−1) on the vitality of small and large C. esculentus tubers buried at three depths (5, 15, and 30 cm) into two soils differing in soil type and soil moisture content. Their effects were compared with the effect of chemical soil disinfestation (CSD) with metam-sodium (153 kg ha−1). ASD with Herbie® showed at least equal performance compared with CSD with metam-sodium, with reductions in tuber vitality up to 97.5%. The performance of ASD with grass clippings was less consistent across soils and was affected by the C:N ratio of the grass. Both ASD and CSD showed the highest performance in moist, sandy soil and on small tubers. ASD is an effective and promising method to quickly deplete the C. esculentus bud bank, provided that the soil is sandy and moist, the carbon source has a C:N ratio of about 10, and the incorporation depth is at least 25 cm. To foster the implementation of ASD, future research should evaluate its performance consistency across environments and years.

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Behavior of methyl isothiocyanate in soils under field conditions in Morocco

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Allyl Isothiocyanate: A Methyl Bromide Replacement in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

Allyl Isothiocyanate: A Methyl Bromide Replacement in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

Herbicidal Performance of Phenyl Isothiocyanate in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

Effect of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Tuber Vitality of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

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