Behavior of PAHs and PM in a diffusion flame of paraffin fuels

Furuhata, Tomohiko; Kobayashi, Yoshihiro; Hayashida, Kazuhiro; Arai, Masataka

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.07.014

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Because Nap, AcPy, Acp, Flu, PA, Ant and FL are large contributors to R MPAHs , accounting for approximately 70-99%, this paper focuses on the evolutions of these six PAHs. Nap is common and abundant PAH that has been identified in laboratory flame and diesel exhaust emissions [5,18,19]. In this study, Nap is also found to be the most abundant PAH during the engine combustion process, accounting for 26-84% of RM PAHs and ranging within 2.7-6.1 lg/cycle in mass.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Total In-cylinder Pahs For N-heptanementioning

confidence: 55%

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are key intermediates in soot formation [1][2][3][4][5]. In the soot nucleation process, for example, PAHs are considered to act as the building blocks that undergo chemical reactions to form incipient soot; in the soot surface growth process, they contribute to the growth of soot particles by attaching to soot outer surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of in-cylinder polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a diesel engine fueled with n-heptane and n-heptane/toluene

Wang

Chen

et al. 2015

Fuel

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Section: Evolution Of the Total In-cylinder Pahs For N-heptanementioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of in-cylinder polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a diesel engine fueled with n-heptane and n-heptane/toluene

Wang

Chen

et al. 2015

Fuel

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“…The results from EELS and TEM show the formation of the graphite core. A laser-induced fluorescence and photo ionization aerosol mass spectrometry (PIAMS) analysis indicates that there is a large amount of PAHs and other intermediates in this region [43]. We also observed the existence of unsaturated C-H bonds (the shoulder peak at 1200 cm −1 ).…”

Section: Relationship Between Soot Graphitization and Sfgsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Surface Functional Groups and Graphitization Degree of Soot in the Sooting History of Methane Premixed Flame

Liu

Fan

et al. 2017

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The evolution of surface functional groups (SFGs) and the graphitization degree of soot generated in premixed methane flames are studied and the correlation between them is discussed. Test soot samples were obtained from an optimized thermophoretic sampling system and probe sampling system. The SFGs of soot were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after removing the soluble impurities from the soot samples, while the graphitization degree of soot was characterized by Raman spectrum and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The results reveal that the number of aliphatic C-H groups and C=O groups shows an initial increase and then decrease in the sooting history. The large amount of aliphatic C-H groups and small amount of aromatic C-H groups in the early stage of the soot mass growth process indicate that aliphatic C-H groups make a major contribution to the early stage of soot mass growth. The higher graphitization degree of soot appears at low height above the burner when the graphite core is formed. The graphitization degree of soot rapidly decreases in the early mass growth stage then increases in the maturation process. The results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SFGs, and the graphitization degree verify the assumption that the nascent soot consists of a graphite-like core and an aliphatic shell. There is a strong correlation between SFGs and graphitization degree in the early stage of the soot mass growth process. During the soot maturation process, the correlation between SFGs and graphitization degree weakens. The SFGs may be related to the aggregate soot particle properties, such as fractal dimension.

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“…The SOF concentration slowly decreased with increasing water content ratio in the developed system, such that the PM released from the furnace at Yw = 0.5 primarily consisted of the SOF. The emission of SOF components mainly originates from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated in the flame [12,35]. Because the present combustion tests on PM emission were conducted under fuel-rich conditions, the residual fuel and PAHs remained in the exhaust gas.…”

Section: Emissions From the Combustion Furnace Incorporating The Rapid Internal Mixing Injectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid emulsification of a fuel–water rapid internal mixing injector for emulsion fuel combustion

Arshad

Nada

Kidoguchi

et al. 2019

Energy

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In this study, a fuel-water rapid internal mixing injector capable of reducing emissions from combustion furnaces operating under high load conditions was developed. Employing this injector allows the injection of a fresh emulsified fuel mixture without requiring surfactants or additional processing equipment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the emulsification, atomization, and emission performance of the injector when using soybean oil as a model high-viscosity fuel from a renewable source. Successful emulsification was observed in the mixing chamber over a wide range of water content ratios up to 0.5, under which a water-in-oil emulsion was discharged from the injector. As the water content ratio was increased, the Sauter mean diameter of the droplets in the spray increased. This is a result of the decrease in the mass flow ratio of atomizing gas to liquid and the increase in the viscosity of the fuel emulsion. Although the emulsification of the base fuel resulted in the discharge of large droplets, the results showed that the nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emissions from a combustion furnace incorporating the injector were found to be reduced simultaneously following the introduction of water even under a high combustion load.

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Behavior of PAHs and PM in a diffusion flame of paraffin fuels

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Evolution of in-cylinder polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a diesel engine fueled with n-heptane and n-heptane/toluene

Evolution of in-cylinder polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a diesel engine fueled with n-heptane and n-heptane/toluene

Surface Functional Groups and Graphitization Degree of Soot in the Sooting History of Methane Premixed Flame

Rapid emulsification of a fuel–water rapid internal mixing injector for emulsion fuel combustion

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