Behavior of Sprash Formation by Top Blown Oxygen Gas under Hot Metal Decarburization

Kitamura, Shin Ya; Okohira, Kazuo

doi:10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.76.2_199

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The gas jet tears off the liquid and generates droplets. These phenomena are generally referred to as "spitting" or "splash" and they have been researched by many researchers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] because they are causes of operational problems and lead to lower productivity and lower metallic recovery in the commercial plants. Therefore, it is necessary to control the behavior of the jets from nozzle exits to improve the decarburization rate, reduce (T.Fe) in slag and decrease "spitting" or "splash" by designing the lance shape properly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Flow Analysis of Jets from Nozzles in Top Blown Process.

Tago¹,

Higuchi²

2003

ISIJ International

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Flow Analysis of Jets from Nozzles in Top Blown Process.

Tago¹,

Higuchi²

2003

ISIJ International

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“…This agrees with the hot model studies. 21) The bottom blowing influences on drop generation in two ways, viz., by a direct and by an indirect effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16) A large number of different splashing studies are presented, but mainly for top blowing. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Furthermore, the effects of splashes on the wear of lining are reported. 7,17,19,23,24) O'Rourke et al 23) studied the localised wear of refractory lining in the knuckle area by means of the physical model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bottom Nozzle Arrangement on Splashing and Spitting in Combined Blowing Converter.

et al. 2002

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Wear of refractory lining, skulling of converter cone and metal losses were studied by splashing and spitting measurements in physical model during combined blowing. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the bottom nozzle arrangement and lance height as far as on harmful splashing and spitting in combined blowing converter are considered. The investigation has concentrated mainly on the initial period of blowing.According to the model tests, total splashing on the converter walls increases as a function of number of bottom nozzles (with increase of total gas flow rate) both initial and final period of blowing. At the initial period of blowing, combined blowing produces maximum measured total splashing and large reaction area as a form of droplets. The nozzles arranged at the centre of the vessel increase metal losses and skulling of the converter cone especially with lowered lance height. The introduction of outside of lance cavities arranged bottom nozzles decreases metal losses and skulling of converter cone compared to the top lance blowing at final period of blowing. The usage of high lance height and several bottom nozzles accelerate wear of the refractory, especially at the knuckle area and charge pad area. It is possible to reduce splashing to the knuckle areas with certain lance gaps by positioning bottom nozzles directly between the cavity and knuckle area with remarkable (approximately 30-40 %) overlap.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The methods applied are almost equally versatile, ranging from absorbent papers and fan-shaped trays to even more complicated procedures. The authors have reviewed splashing studies in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bottom Nozzle Configuration on the Bath Behaviour in the BOF

2004

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Due to the different nature of the required measurements, two separate water models were utilised. Both models have the same geometry and dimensions; scaled down to 1 : 7. The operational and geometrical parameters of the physical model and the prototype are presented in Table 1. Figure 1 shows the location of bottom nozzles for 3, 4 and 5 nozzle arrangements. The two lance positions used in splashing and oscillation studies are also displayed in the same figure. Measurement of Splashing and SpittingSplashing and spitting behaviour in the combined blown converter vessel was studied with the new method, which is previously described elsewhere in more detail. 17) Since the whole model wall is perforated, the experimental set-up enables studying overall splashing distribution on the model wall. Spitting is referred to as water droplets collected from the mouth of the converter model by an absorbent cloth. Measurement of Mixing TimeThe experimental apparatus and auxiliary instruments for ISIJ International, Vol. 44 (2004) The blowing behaviour of the BOF is affected in many ways by the behaviour of molten bath. Bottom blowing and its interaction with top blowing have a strong influence on splashing and spitting behaviour, bath homogenisation and bath oscillation. Therefore, three selected bottom nozzle configurations were studied by physical modelling, and the results were compared regarding splashing, homogenisation and oscillation of the bath. According to model tests, bottom nozzle positioning has a great influence on the amount and direction of splashing and spitting. Moreover, at lower lance gaps, the direction of splashes was changed because of bath oscillation. At low lance gap, when type A oscillation is dominant, correlation between the degree of overlap and stability of the bath was found. The bigger the degree of overlap, the more unstable the system as far as type A oscillation and splashing is concerned. The amplitude and oscillation frequency of the bath changed as a function of lance height. Blowing through bottom nozzles prevented the onset of so called type A oscillation. Bottom nozzle configuration of three nozzles resulted in shortest mixing time, lowest total splashing on model walls and longest starting time of type A oscillation.

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Behavior of Sprash Formation by Top Blown Oxygen Gas under Hot Metal Decarburization

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Fluid Flow Analysis of Jets from Nozzles in Top Blown Process.

Fluid Flow Analysis of Jets from Nozzles in Top Blown Process.

Effect of Bottom Nozzle Arrangement on Splashing and Spitting in Combined Blowing Converter.

The Effect of Bottom Nozzle Configuration on the Bath Behaviour in the BOF

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