Behavior of surfactants and surfactant blends in soils during remediation: A review

Surfactant-Mediated Effects on Hydrological and Physical Soil Properties: Data Synthesis

“…For surfactant properties, essential information would be (1) the chemical name or the ingredient list if a blend was used, allowing one to distinguish between single surfactant systems or surfactant mixtures. Blends can contain other surfactants, cosolvents, or solubilization agents depending on their field of application, which can change the functional efficiency of the blend compared to single surfactants. , (2) The surfactant charge or the overall charge if a blend was used. The charge is a major characteristic defining the general functionality of a surfactant product, besides the specific molecular structure of the apolar and polar moieties.…”

“…The electrical charge of the polar and the molecular structure of both the polar and apolar moieties are key features of surfactants and determine their functionality. , In addition to being used as medical adjuvants and detergents in every day hygiene products, surfactants are also frequently applied as wetting, emulsifying, and dispersing agents in the textile and agricultural industries. − In soil remediation activities, they are used as soil washing reagents and soil conditioners (e.g., wetting agents) to improve soil physical properties . That is, they are used to reduce water repellency, water runoff, and soil erosion in natural, e.g., forests, and urban areas, e.g., turfs and golf courses …”

Influence of Nonionic Surfactants on the Adsorption and Elution of Atrazine in Agriculturally Modified Soils of Hetao Irrigation District

“…Surfactants, being amphiphilic substances, offer a distinct advantage in reducing water-soil interfacial tension, enhancing the hydrophilicity of hydrophobic compounds, and contributing to soil diversification. Upon entering soils or water bodies polluted by organic pesticides, surfactants can influence or alter the original transport and fate behavior of organic pesticides through interactions such as adsorption, desorption, leaching, biodegradation, photodegradation, and other processes 5,6 . This interplay between surfactants and organic pesticides underscores the need to understand their dynamic interactions for effective management and remediation of contaminated environments.…”

“…In particular for surfactant enhanced remediation (SER) to remove organic pesticides from contaminated soil, which were widely studied over the past decade, it was very important to focused surfactant adsorption behavior in soils and the effect on the adsorption or elution of organic pesticides in soils. In addition, when using SER, sorption of surfactant on soil is inevitable, which may significantly influence the retention of organic pesticides in soil 6,7 . For SER, most of the previous studies mainly focused on the remediation of diverse soils and different organic pesticides, the use of different surfactant and their concentration, different mixed surfactants and their appropriate combination ratio, the influenced factors and their optimal values for surfactant-based washing 4,7 .…”

Surface Properties of Alkyldi(oxyethylene) β-D-Maltoside

“…Nowadays, alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) are generally found as particularly prevalent nonionic surfactants with low toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible performances . The so-called APGs could be regarded as several categories, entailing PW-APGs (palm kernel and wheat grain-derived APGs), WS-APGs (wheat straw-derived APGs), and other APGs derived from different agricultural products/residues. , Unlike most petrochemical surfactants with more or less deleterious impacts on the aquatic ecosystem, APGs should be profoundly reconsidered as the famous surfactants worthy of significant development because the concept of ecological green sustainability should be tightly regulated, upheld, and enhanced. , In modern society, based on their attractive advantages in the effective utilization of renewable saccharides/aliphatic alcohols, technology greening of Fischer glycosidation, mass production, and excellent performance, APGs and their derivatives are increasingly favored in a wide variety of fields, including household washing, cosmetics, personal care products, food, feed, pharmaceuticals, , petroleum exploitation/recovery, soil remediation, agriculture, textile industry, and dust suppression . Furthermore, characteristic 1,2-cis or 1,2-trans alkyl glycosides (AGs) should probably have an excellent structure–physicochemical properties–functionality relationship, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability owing mainly to their controlled structure with anomeric purity and no/low irritation/toxicity since they are amphiphilic molecules having hydrophobic alkyl chains, hydrophilic glycosyl groups, and even other useful structural segments. ,, …”