Behavior patterns and fates of adult steelhead, Chinook salmon, and coho salmon released into the upper Cowlitz River Basin, 2005–09 and 2012, Washington

Kock, Tobias J.; Ekstrom, Brian K.; Liedtke, Theresa L.; Serl, John D.; Kohn, Mike

doi:10.3133/ofr20161144

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Also, results from the evaluation of individual aspects of a trap-and-haul program should be viewed in the context of other passage options such as how volitional fishways perform. For example, up to 20% of the transported adults fall back at dams in some adult trap-and-haul programs (Kock et al 2016(Kock et al , 2018bNaughton et al 2018), but this percentage is nearly identical to fallback documented at some run-of-river dams on the Snake and Columbia rivers where volitional passage occurs (Reischel and Bjornn 2003;Boggs et al 2004;Naughton et al 2006). Data to inform biological metrics such as cohort replacement rates need to be collected in basins with and without trap-and-transport to place overall trends in context, although this is challenging from a study design and cost standpoint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fallbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Cowlitz River, Kock et al (2016) reported fallback rates for transported adults ranging from 7 to 22% for natural-origin and hatchery-origin steelhead and Chinook salmon following released upstream (3.9 rkm) of Cowlitz Falls Dam during 2005-2009 and 2012. Fallback by hatchery-origin fish was lower for fish released at alternate release sites located farther upstream than the primary release location (Kock et al 2016). Similarly, on the South Santiam River, Naughton et al (2018) reported 14% of tagged Chinook salmon released into Foster Reservoir fell back downstream of Foster Dam compared to 1% of tagged Chinook salmon released in the river upstream of Foster Reservoir.…”

Section: Fallbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems

Kock

Ferguson

Keefer

et al. 2020

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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High-head dams are migration barriers for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in many river systems and recovery measures for impacted stocks are limited. Trap-and-haul has been widely used in attempts to facilitate recovery but information from existing programs has not been synthesized to inform improvements to aid recovery of salmonids in systems with high-head dams. We reviewed 17 trap-and-haul programs regarding Pacific salmon to: (1) summarize information about facility design, operation and biological effects; (2) identify critical knowledge gaps; and (3) evaluate trap-and-haul as a current and future management tool. Existing programs are operated to address a range of management goals including restoring access to historical habitats, temporarily reducing exposure to dangerous in-river conditions, and reintroducing ecological processes upstream from dams. Information gathered from decades of operation on facility design criteria and fish handling protocols, and robust literature on fish collection and passage are available. While many aspects of trap-and-haul have been evaluated, effects on population productivity and sustainability remain poorly understood. Long-term and systematic studies of trap-and-haul outcomes are rare, and assessments can be confounded by concurrent management actions and broad ecological and climatic effects. Existing data suggest that performance and effectiveness vary among programs and over various time scales within programs. Although critical information gaps exist, trap-and-haul is an important management and conservation tool for providing Pacific salmonids access to historical habitats. Successful application of trap-and-haul programs requires long-term commitment and an adaptive management approach by dam owners and stakeholders, and careful planning of new programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fallbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fallbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems

Kock

Ferguson

Keefer

et al. 2020

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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“…A multistate model (continuous-time Markov model; Jackson 2014) was used to estimate transition rates for radio-tagged Sockeye Salmon into one of four biologically meaningful states in response to covariates using methods previously described in Kock et al (2016) and Kock et al (2018). Data for the analysis represented a daily time series of occupied states, S(t = 0), S(t = 1), …, S(t = T) for t = 0, 1, …, T days after release, where T was the number of days from release to fallback (state F), river (state R), or reservoir (state E) states.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fallback of transported adult Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, and Steelhead Trout was reported to range from 1 to 14% at high-head dams on the Cowlitz and South Santiam rivers (Kock et al 2016;Kock et al 2018;Naughton et al 2018). In those studies, fish that fell back did not have the opportunity to return upstream because passage options were not available at the dams where Accepted Article fallback occurred.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Sockeye Salmon Responses to Transplanting Upstream of an Impassable Dam

Kock

Evans

Saluskin

et al. 2021

N American J Fish Manag

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The Yakama Nation manages a program for reintroducing Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka upstream of Cle Elum Dam in the Yakima River basin. The program involves transplanting of a mix of adult Sockeye Salmon from two middle Columbia River donor stocks, Lake Wenatchee (WEN) and Osoyoos Lake (OSO), with the goal of establishing a self‐sustaining population in the basin. In 2017, a subset of the transplanted population was radio‐tagged and monitored to assess stock‐specific responses to transplanting, including downstream entrainment at Cle Elum Dam (“fallback”) and prespawn mortality. Tagged fish were active during the first 2 weeks after release. Some fish moved upstream into the Cle Elum River and then returned to the reservoir; other fish moved downstream and passed Cle Elum Dam. Movement within the study area diminished during August but increased in September when fish began migrating up the Cle Elum River for spawning. A greater proportion of WEN fish (76.3%) was detected entering the river compared to OSO fish (53.9%). The hazard ratio from a multistate analysis of fish behavior indicated that WEN fish were nine times more likely to enter the river than OSO fish. The WEN fish also initiated upstream movement 3 weeks earlier than OSO fish. We found that 27.0% of all tagged fish were lost to the spawning population through fallback (20.7%) and prespawn mortality (6.3%). Fallback and prespawn mortality occurred for a greater percentage of OSO fish (26.9% and 7.7%) than WEN fish (15.3% and 5.1%), but these differences were not statistically different. These results provide foundational information from the early phase of a reintroduction effort. Continued monitoring will be required as Sockeye Salmon evolve to conditions upstream of Cle Elum Dam, and results from these efforts will provide valuable insights for this reintroduction effort and others in river systems with similar characteristics.

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Fate of translocated American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in the lower Ottawa River and passage behavior at a multichannel barrier

Twardek

Stoot

Cooke

et al. 2021

River Research & Apps

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American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is considered endangered under the IUCN's red list.Hydropower facilities are considered a significant threat to American eel, impacting both the outmigration of adults and upstream migration of juveniles. To overcome upstream passage issues, juvenile eels may be trapped and transported around barriers as a mitigation strategy, though few studies have evaluated the efficacy of this approach. To understand the fate of transported eels, we monitored posttranslocation movements in a 110-km reach of the Ottawa River bounded by two hydropower facilities: Carillon Hydroelectric Generating Station (lower barrier) and Chaudière Falls Hydroelectric Facility (upper barrier). Additionally, we assessed the approach behavior of eels that reached the upper barrier, a multichannel facility, to assess potential fishway locations. To assess these objectives, 40 juvenile eels (440-640 mm) were implanted with acoustic transmitters and were transported and released either just upstream ($6 km) of the lower barrier or just downstream of the upper barrier ($2 km), approximately, 60 and 166 km from the capture site, respectively. Over the three-month study period, 78% of tagged eels remained upstream of the lower barrier. Of the nine eels that returned downstream of the lower barrier, seven were from the downstream release site; however, the proportion of eels that returned downstream of the lower barrier did not differ significantly between release sites. One eel passed the upper barrier despite no existing fish-passage structures. At the upper barrier, most eels visited just one of the five channels, suggesting that more than one passage structure may be necessary to allow eels entering different channels to pass upstream of the barrier. Findings from this work will help inform passage efforts for American eel, particularly in the Ottawa River where eel populations have declined severely from their historic abundance.

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Behavior patterns and fates of adult steelhead, Chinook salmon, and coho salmon released into the upper Cowlitz River Basin, 2005–09 and 2012, Washington

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems

Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems

Adult Sockeye Salmon Responses to Transplanting Upstream of an Impassable Dam

Fate of translocated American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in the lower Ottawa River and passage behavior at a multichannel barrier

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