Behavior Therapy for Panic Disorder

Does Exposure to Internal Cues Enhance Exposure to External Cues in Agoraphobia with Panic?

“…In uncontrolled work, panic and avoidance were reduced by treatment mixtures of breathing retrain ing, anxiety and panic management, cognitive restructur ing and applied relaxation [4][5][6]. Exposure to somatic cues in panic provocation procedures (e.g.…”

Keep taking the tablets? Inadequate controls for concurrent psychotropic medication in studies of psychological treatments for panic disorder

“…Of 13 studies investigating the treatment efficacy of CBT, only four (Klosko et al, 1990;Michelson et al, 1990a,b;Margraf et al, 1993) have attempted to control for concurrent psychotropic medication by prohibiting its use during the study period. The other nine studies (Gitlin et al, 1985;Barlow et al, 1989;Sokol et al, 1989;Shear et al, 1991;Welkowitz et al, 1991;Beck et al, 1992;Ost, Westling and Hellstrom, 1993;Telch et al, 1993;Clark et al, 1994) have employed inadequate control methods which cast doubts on the validity of their findings. In all of these studies, patients who were taking concurrent psychotropics but who nonetheless met entry criteria (usually DSM-III/DSM-III-R) were entered into the studies whilst continuing to take these medications.…”

Experiential Cognitive Therapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia: Definition of a Clinical Protocol

“…Many studies demonstrate the effectiveness of a multicomponent cognitive-behavioral treatment strategy for PD with agorapho-bia. [14][15][16][17] Clark, Salkovskis, Barlow, and other colleagues 6,7,10,13 -15 have outlined the treatment for PD with agoraphobia. The traditional protocol involves a mixture of cognitive and behavioral techniques that are intended to help patients identify and modify their dysfunctional anxiety-related thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors.…”