Behavioral and cognitive markers of mild cognitive impairment: diagnostic value of saccadic eye movements and Simon task

Chehrehnegar, Negin; Nejati, Vahid; Shati, Mohsen; Esmaeili, Mahdieh; Rezvani, Zahra; Haghi, Marjan; Foroughan, Mahshid

doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01121-w

Cited by 37 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Third, clinical history-taking aims to identify comorbidities and their impact on function and to understand whether the individual himself or a family member has noticed a change in cognitive function over time. Questionnaires such as the AD8 or IQCODE can be utilized to facilitate clinical history-taking (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Test Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (Mci) in Primary Care

et al. 2020

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is significantly misdiagnosed in the primary care setting due to multi-dimensional frictions and barriers associated with evaluating individuals’ cognitive performance. To move toward large-scale cognitive screening, a global panel of clinicians and cognitive neuroscientists convened to elaborate on current challenges that hamper widespread cognitive performance assessment. This report summarizes a conceptual framework and provides guidance to clinical researchers and test developers and suppliers to inform ongoing refinement of cognitive evaluation. This perspective builds upon a previous article in this series, which outlined the rationale for and potentially against efforts to promote widespread detection of MCI. This working group acknowledges that cognitive screening by default is not recommended and proposes large-scale evaluation of individuals with a concern or interest in their cognitive performance. Such a strategy can increase the likelihood to timely and effective identification and management of MCI. The rising global incidence of AD demands innovation that will help alleviate the burden to healthcare systems when coupled with the potentially near-term approval of disease-modifying therapies. Additionally, we argue that adequate infrastructure, equipment, and resources urgently should be integrated in the primary care setting to optimize the patient journey and accommodate widespread cognitive evaluation.

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Section: Test Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (Mci) in Primary Care

et al. 2020

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“…Unlike studies with AD dementia participants, prosaccade and antisaccade latencies do not reliably distinguish between amnestic MCI and controls (Kahana Levy et al, 2018). However, reduced saccadic accuracy during prosaccade and antisaccade tasks has been reported in amnestic MCI patients compared to controls ( Table 3, Holden et al, 2018;Chehrehnegar et al, 2019), and previously reported in AD (Yang et al, 2011). Saccadic accuracy refers to the amplitude of the eye movement compared to that of the target stimulus.…”

Section: Efferent Biomarkers Saccadic Eye Movementmentioning

confidence: 87%

Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

Masurkar

Balcer

2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Vision, which requires extensive neural involvement, is often impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the last few decades, accumulating evidence has shown that various visual functions and structures are compromised in Alzheimer's dementia and when measured can detect those with dementia from those with normal aging. These visual changes involve both the afferent and efferent parts of the visual system, which correspond to the sensory and eye movement aspects of vision, respectively. There are fewer, but a growing number of studies, that focus on the detection of predementia stages. Visual biomarkers that detect these stages are paramount in the development of successful disease-modifying therapies by identifying appropriate research participants and in identifying those who would receive future therapies. This review provides a summary and update on common afferent and efferent visual markers of AD with a focus on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical disease detection. We further propose future directions in this area. Given the ease of performing visual tests, the accessibility of the eye, and advances in ocular technology, visual measures have the potential to be effective, practical, and non-invasive biomarkers of AD.

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“…More importantly, the MoCA measures an important component of dementia that's not measured by the MMSE, i.e., executive function [34]. Previously we demonstrated that executive function was one of the early domains affected in MCI and it had high sensitivity for early detection of MCI [9]. Within the subdomain evaluation, the control and MCI and AD groups showed statistically substantial differences in all domains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trail-making subscale of the MoCA evaluates the integrity of a few executive functions including planning, attention, and inhibition that are related to frontal lobe impairments and the prefrontal cortex. Many studies have proven that MCI subjects are characterized by an executive disorder that presents early in the course of the disease, while the pathology does not have a clinical manifestation [9, 21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the MMSE does not assess abstraction or complicated executive function abilities, which leads to its poor sensitivity in the early stages of cognitive impairment and depends on the integrity of the frontal lobe and associated structures for performing goal-directed behaviors [7,8]. Besides, it has been proven that executive functioning can be considered as an early subtle deficit in MCI patients before the clinical representation of the disease [9], so the executive functions are an important cognitive domain in light of an early diagnosis of dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric Properties of the Persian Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease

Rashedi

Foroughan

Chehrehnegar

2021

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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Introduction: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a cognitive screening test widely used in clinical practice and suited for the detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aims were to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian MoCA as a screening test for mild cognitive dysfunction in Iranian older adults and to assess its accuracy as a screening test for MCI and mild Alzheimer disease (AD). Method: One hundred twenty elderly with a mean age of 73.52 ± 7.46 years participated in this study. Twenty-one subjects had mild AD (MMSE score ≤21), 40 had MCI, and 59 were cognitively healthy controls. All the participants were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate their general cognitive status. Also, a battery of comprehensive neuropsychological assessments was administered. Results: The mean score on the Persian version of the MoCA and the MMSE were 19.32 and 25.62 for MCI and 13.71 and 22.14 for AD patients, respectively. Using an optimal cutoff score of 22 the MoCA test detected 86% of MCI subjects, whereas the MMSE with a cutoff score of 26 detected 72% of MCI subjects. In AD patients with a cutoff score of 20, the MoCA had a sensitivity of 94% whereas the MMSE detected 61%. The specificity of the MoCA was 70% and 90% for MCI and AD, respectively. Discussion: The results of this study show that the Persian version of the MoCA is a reliable screening tool for detection of MCI and early stage AD. The MoCA is more sensitive than the MMSE in screening for cognitive impairment, proving it to be superior to MMSE in detecting MCI and mild AD.

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Behavioral and cognitive markers of mild cognitive impairment: diagnostic value of saccadic eye movements and Simon task

Cited by 37 publications

References 30 publications

Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (Mci) in Primary Care

Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (Mci) in Primary Care

Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease

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