Behavioral and endocrine responses of socially isolated rats to long-term diazepam treatment

Dronjak, Slađana; Spasojević, Nataša; Gavrilović, Ljubica; Varagic, V

doi:10.2298/avb0704291d

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Serum cortisol level was not significantly changed in diazepam dependent group. This coincided with Sladana et al, (2007) who reported that chronic treatment of socially isolated rats with diazepam did not significantly affect stress-related adrenomedullary and adrenocortical alterations. This data wasn't agreed with Bruni et al, (1980) who stated that the repeated administration of diazepam every 24 hours for 4 days brings about a decrease in plasma cortisol level in rats.Assessing cholinergic function is considered as an important tool in neuroscience research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Dependence of Tramadol, Diazepam and Their Combination on the Brain of Albino Rats: Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Badawy

Hammad

Amin

et al. 2014

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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Introduction: Nowadays tramadol is the most common drug of abuse. Egyptian surveys found a gradual increase in the use of tramadol among Egyptians. It has been associated with a wide range of drug abuse such as benzodiazepines. Aim of the work: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dependence of tramadol, diazepam, and their combination on biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of brain of adult albino rats.Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups as follows: Group I (control) received1ml normal saline (0.9%NaCl) once orally for one month. Group II (tramadol dependent) received increasing therapeutic doses of tramadol orally for one month, Group III (diazepam dependent) received increasing therapeutic doses of diazepam orally for one month, Group IV (tramadol and diazepam dependent) received increasing therapeutic doses of tramadol and diazepam orally for one month. Blood samples were collected from all groups for evaluation of serum cortisol level. Brain was excised for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistolochemical studies. Results: Compared to the control group, serum cortisol level was significantly decreased in tramadol dependent and combined tramadol and diazepam dependent groups. In all experimental dependent groups, brain cholinesterase level was not changed and the brain showed histopathological and immunohistochemical changes Conclusion and recommendation: Tramadol or diazepam dependence for long time affects the brain cells and the combination of both of them leads to more neurotoxic effect. Therefore it is recommended that tramadol or diazepam should be taken only with the prescription of doctor and self medication of these drugs may be hazardous.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Dependence of Tramadol, Diazepam and Their Combination on the Brain of Albino Rats: Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Badawy

Hammad

Amin

et al. 2014

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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“…Many studies have already shown that chronic stress produces decreased grooming activities (Yalcin et al, 2007), meanwhile in chronic social crowding and isolation stress (Pan et al, 2006; Dronjak et al, 2007). In line with these observations, our studies also indicate the reduced grooming behavior in depression or anxiety condition in our model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Hyperandrogen During Pregnancy Causes Depression- and Anxiety-Like Behaviors, and Reduced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rat Offspring

Cheng

Liu

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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The hippocampus is a region in which neurogenesis persists and retains substantial plasticity throughout lifespan. Accumulating evidences indicate an important role of androgens and androgenic signaling in the regulation of offspring hippocampal neurogenesis and the survival of mature or immature neurons and gliocyte. Hyperandrogenic disorders have been associated with depression and anxiety. Previous studies have found that pregnant hyperandrogenism may increase the susceptibility of the offspring to depression or anxiety and lead to abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. In this study, pregnant rats were given subcutaneous injection of aromatase inhibitor letrozole in order to establish a maternal hyperandrogenic environment for the fetal rats. The lithium chloride (LICl) was used as an intervention agent since a previous study has shown that lithium chloride could promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The results revealed that pregnant administration of letrozole resulted in depressive- and anxious-like behaviors in the adolescent period. A remarkable decrease in immature nerve cells marked by doublecortin and mature neurons co-expressed by Brdu and NeuN in adult years were detected in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adolescent rats. Lithium chloride alleviated the effects on neurobehavioral and promoted the differentiation and proliferation of neural progenitor cells, while a hyperandrogenic intrauterine environment had no effects on astrocytes marked by GFAP in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related to normal development of hippocampus was examined but there was no significant changes in Wnt signaling pathway members. Our study provides evidence that exposure of androgen during pregnancy leads to alterations in depressive, anxious and stereotypical behaviors and these phenotypes are possibly associated with changes in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.

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Protective effect of Hsp70i against chronic social isolation stress in the rat hippocampus

2013

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Stress-related glucocorticoids and glutamate release has been implicated in depression. Glutamate neurotoxicity is mediated, in part, by the production of nitric oxide via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and mitochondrial damage. We previously reported that chronic social isolation stress triggers proapoptotic signaling in the rat prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Given that the hippocampus is highly sensitive to stress, we examined signaling cascades underlying the hippocampal cellular protection through the NOS pathway, antioxidant capacity and heat shock protein (Hsp) expression. We investigated neuronal (nNOS) and inducible (iNOS) protein levels, subcellular protein distributions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), CuZnSOD and MnSOD activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), stress-inducible Hsp70 (Hsp70i) protein expression and serum corticosterone (CORT) levels of rats exposed to 21 days of chronic social isolation, an animal model of depression, alone or in combination with 2 h of acute immobilization or cold stress (combined stress). Both acute stressors elevated CORT, with lesser magnitude increase in chronically isolated rats exposed to novel acute stress as compared to acute stressors alone, indicating compromised HPA axis activity. Acute cold decreased nuclear CuZnSOD activity and stimulated NF-κB nuclear translocation. Chronic social isolation resulted in no activation of NF-κB, but led to decreased GSH, iNOS and increased nNOS and Hsp70i levels, alterations that remained following combined stressors. Decreased mitochondrial MnSOD activity after combined stressors suggests compromised detoxifying capacity. These data indicate that Hsp70i upregulation may provide hippocampal cellular protection against chronic social isolation stress mediated by downregulation of iNOS protein expression through suppression of NF-κB activation.

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Behavioral and endocrine responses of socially isolated rats to long-term diazepam treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of Dependence of Tramadol, Diazepam and Their Combination on the Brain of Albino Rats: Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Effects of Dependence of Tramadol, Diazepam and Their Combination on the Brain of Albino Rats: Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Exposure of Hyperandrogen During Pregnancy Causes Depression- and Anxiety-Like Behaviors, and Reduced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rat Offspring

Protective effect of Hsp70i against chronic social isolation stress in the rat hippocampus

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