Behavioral and hormonal responses of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) to tourism and nest site visitation

Fowler, Gene S.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(99)00026-9

Cited by 215 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The ubiquity of the organism suggests that birds may be carriers of the fungi but do not develop overt disease unless stimulated by a decreased resistance of the host elicited by some stress such as an infectious disease, a toxicant, or malnutrition. Experiments indicated that birds subjected to a handling stress had higher levels of corticosteroids (Fowler et al, 1995;Fowler, 1999;Deem, 2003;Park, 2003;Balseiro et al, 2005), which can affect the immune system in many ways (Griffin, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal flora in the trachea of birds from a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Spain

García¹,

Lanzarot²,

Rodas³

et al. 2007

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:In the present work we study the prevalence of fungal flora in the tracheal epithelium of wild birds in a rehabilitation centre. Two hundred and sixteen birds representing 26 species from seven orders were sampled. Yeasts and moulds were isolated from 92 of the birds sampled (42.5%); in 24.5% only yeasts, in 12.5% only moulds and in 5.5% both moulds and yeasts together. The cattle egret was where the greatest number of animals with positive isolation was detected. The prevalence of yeasts shows significant differences between raptors and Ciconiiformes. Within the yeast flora, basically there were strains belonging to the genus Candida, mainly C. albicans. In the moulds, almost a half of them belonged to the genus Aspergillus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal flora in the trachea of birds from a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Spain

García¹,

Lanzarot²,

Rodas³

et al. 2007

Vet. Med.

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“…Regel & Pütz 1997, Weimerskirch et al 2002, Ellenberg et al 2006, Selman et al 2013. Also, these immediate responses may be transformed into long-term changes and hence adversely influence demographic parameters such as survival and reproductive success (Fowler 1999, Frid & Dill 2002, Weimerskirch et al 2002, Müllner et al 2004, Ellenberg et al 2006. Thus, understanding the long-term effects of human disturbance on wildlife is one of the key elements in population management, especially for endangered species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of land use on perinatal mortality in the Endangered Saimaa ringed seal population

Liukkonen¹,

Rautio²,

Sipilä³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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Human disturbance can affect the viability of wildlife populations partly through its effects on breeding success. Land use as a form of disturbance may do so by fragmenting the key environments of certain species. We used statistical pattern recognition methods to estimate the long-term effects of human disturbance on the Endangered, landlocked population of the Saimaa ringed seal Pusa hispida saimensis by examining how various densities of buildings on lake shores have altered the survival of juveniles and the persistence of the population. In addition, we examined whether disturbance caused by different intensities of land use would further reduce the long-term persistence of the population. We also provide estimates of the quality of Lake Saimaa shorelines as breeding habitat in relation to building density. Our results show that at present, the lairs of Saimaa ringed seals are located closer to potential sources of human disturbance than they were in the past and that land use intensity has an effect on juvenile mortality. Perinatal mortality increases significantly in more densely developed areas, where the nearest building is within 800 m of a birth lair. In addition, 29% of the shoreline of Lake Saimaa is no longer suitable for ringed seals due to intensive land use. Our results illustrate how human disturbances can significantly compromise juvenile survival and therefore the long-term existence of this Endangered population.

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“…It was formerly assumed that animals that move away from disturbance are more greatly affected than those that remain (e.g. Foster & Rahs 1983;Fowler 1999), but recent studies suggest that departing animals may be the ones with sufficient condition to do so (e.g. Stillman & Goss-Custard 2002;Beale & Monaghan 2004b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting short-term behavioural responses to disturbance within a longitudinal perspective

et al. 2006

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We documented immediate, behavioural responses of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) to experimental vessel approaches in regions of high and low vessel traffic in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Experimental vessel approaches elicited significant changes in the behaviour of targeted dolphins when compared with their behaviour before and after approaches. During approaches, focal dolphin groups became more compact, had higher rates of change in membership and had more erratic speeds and directions of travel. Dolphins in the region of low vessel traffic (control site) had stronger and longer-lasting responses than did dolphins in the region of high vessel traffic (impact site). In the absence of additional information, the moderated behavioural responses of impact-site dolphins probably would be interpreted to mean that long-term vessel activity within a region of tourism had no detrimental effect on resident dolphins. However, another study showed that dolphin-watching tourism in Shark Bay has contributed to a long-term decline in dolphin abundance within the impact site (Bejder et al., in press, Conservation Biology). Those findings suggest that we documented moderated responses not because impact-site dolphins had become habituated to vessels but because those individuals that were sensitive to vessel disturbance left the region before our study began. This reinterpretation of our findings led us to question the traditional premise that short-term behavioural responses are sufficient indicators of impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on wildlife.

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Behavioral and hormonal responses of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) to tourism and nest site visitation

Cited by 215 publications

References 25 publications

Fungal flora in the trachea of birds from a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Spain

Fungal flora in the trachea of birds from a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Spain

Long-term effects of land use on perinatal mortality in the Endangered Saimaa ringed seal population

Interpreting short-term behavioural responses to disturbance within a longitudinal perspective

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