Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of ACTH

Gispen, Willem Hendrik; Zwiers, H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7018-5_17

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 296 publications

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“…It was also demonstrated that peripheral nerve regeneration induced by ACTH and its ACTH 4-10 fragment was accompanied by considerable enhancement of the synthesis of RNA and proteins in neurons. The fact that ACTH strengthened the synthesis of RNA and proteins and glucose utilization in the brain of old animals was also mentioned [35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A New Generation of Drugs: Synthetic Peptides Based on Natural Regulatory Peptides

Kolomin¹,

Шадрина²,

Slominsky³

et al. 2013

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Natural regulatory peptides are biologically active compounds that are produced by various cells and provide a link among the main regulatory systems of the body. The field of research into the biologic activity of endogenous regulatory peptides is extremely vast. These peptides affect the cardiovascular, immune, reproductive, endocrine, digestive, and other systems, alter energy metabolism, and are especially effective in the regulation of the central nervous system. Despite of the wide range of preventive and therapeutic effects of natural regulatory peptides and proteins, their application in clinical practice is difficult. This is primarily because of their extreme instability, as they are rapidly degraded by proteases of the gastrointestinal tract, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and other biologic media. Compounds with higher stability (i.e., a considerably longer half-life compared with that of natural molecules) and the ability to provide a directional effect on the various body systems were obtained from modifications of endogenous regulatory peptides. Synthetic analogs of regulatory peptides, as a rule, contain only natural amino acids in their composition, and their biodegradation does not lead to the formation of toxic products; thus, they have fewer side effects. This review focuses on the consideration of two synthetic regulatory peptides, Semax and Selank, which were the bases for the creation of new drugs that are used effectively in the treatment of various diseases of the nervous system. The synthetic analog of an adrenocorticotropic hormone 4-10 fragment (ACTH 4-10) Semax is a powerful neuroprotective agent that is particularly effective as a therapy for stroke. Selank was synthesized on the basis of the natural immunomodulator tuftsin. Selank is a powerful anxiolytic that is used as a therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and neurasthenia without sedative and muscle-relaxant effects. This review presents the results of research aimed at studying the influence of these peptides on the transcriptome of brain cells. The problems of drugs developed based on the clinical activities of Semax and Selank are discussed separately.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A New Generation of Drugs: Synthetic Peptides Based on Natural Regulatory Peptides

Kolomin¹,

Шадрина²,

Slominsky³

et al. 2013

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“…On the other hand, the potentiation effect of pituitary hormones including a-MSH, ACTH, vasopressin, and GH on learning has been reported by many investigators [26,48,69]. These neuropeptides are thought to cause this effect by increasing attention, rather than by acting on the cognitive process.…”

Section: Intervention Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular approaches to learning and memory.

Tsukada

1988

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Learning and memory are thought to be one of the higher nervous functions performed in the brain, and their neurophysiological processes can be explained by the plasticity of neural mechanisms in the brain. It means that biological responses induced by physiological stimuli from outside are fixed as permanent functional changes in the neuronal networks of the brain. On the basis of this concept, we can make physiological observations on learning as the modification and reorganization of behavior through experiences in individual organisms, and on memory as the ability of individuals to perform behavior modified through learning experiences, i.e., the capacity to store information in the central nervous system [62].Behavior as the physical activity of living organisms takes various forms according to genetic and environmental factors at each of the evolutionary stages from the bacterium to mankind. Even in some lower species having no nervous system, habituation or sensitization is seen with corresponding changes of Cat + flux, maintained for tens of minutes, in the cells receiving stimuli [21]. In higher animals, learned behavior is acquired with the change of purposive modification of biological responses in individuals, on the premise of a storage of information in the nervous system. This is a sort of memory, which can be divided into the short-term memory (STM) with transient and reversible neurochemical changes in the synapses, and the long-term memory (LTM) with enduring and irreversible molecular events.The process of STM appears to involve transient change of transmission efficiency in the synapses, which probably accompanies readily reversible chemical modification of constituent molecules in the cell membrane, but not involving protein synthesis or structural change. The LTM process is supposed to involve reorganization of the neuronal networks, resulting from neogenesis and reconnection of the functioning synapses accompanied by production and accumulation of new molecules [4,47]. This process requires consolidation of memories, of which molecular mechanism is one of the crucial subjects of neurobiology.

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“…These results suggest that S-100 protein release was apparently accompanied by a decrease in the membrane-bound form of S-100 protein in the cell. Known effects of ACTH can be simulated by the 1-24 peptide fragment of ACTH (Gispen and Zwiers, 1985). We therefore examined whether the same peptide fragment could induce S-100 protein release from glioma cells.…”

Section: Effects Of Various Hormones On the S-100 Protein Release Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among hormones tested, only ACTH induced the release of S-100 protein from glioma cells. The known biological activity of ACTH is expressed by the portion of the N-terminal half ( 1-24) of the molecule (Gispen and Zwiers, 1985). However, the S-100 protein release was stimulated not by the (1-24) fragment but by the (18-39) fragment, which is designated as CLIP.…”

Section: Ishikawa Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

S‐100 Protein in Clonal Astroglioma Cells Is Released by Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Corticotropin‐Like Intermediate‐Lobe Peptide

Suzuki

Kato

et al. 1987

Journal of Neurochemistry

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S-100 protein in clonal GA-1 and C6 rat glioma cell lines was released in serum-free medium supplemented with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The induction of S-100 protein release by ACTH was dose-dependent, showing a half-maximal release at about 5 microM, and the S-100 protein concentration in the medium increased sharply within 3 min, but slightly during further incubation. The S-100 protein release was apparently accompanied by a decrease in the membrane-bound form of S-100 protein in the cell. The S-100 protein release was induced not by the ACTH1-24 fragment, which exhibits the known effects of ACTH, but by the ACTH18-39 fragment, which is designated as corticotropin-like intermediate-lobe peptide (CLIP). These results indicate that the C-terminal half of ACTH is responsible for the S-100 protein release. The enhancement of S-100 protein release by ACTH was also observed in normal rat glioblasts. The release induced by ACTH was apparently specific to S-100 protein, because little release of the cytoplasmic enzymes, creatine kinase, and enolase was observed under the same conditions. High concentrations (5 mM) of dibutyryl cyclic AMP or dibutyryl cyclic GMP were also found to induce S-100 protein release; however, catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and dopamine), acetylcholine, and glutamic acid did not enhance the release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of ACTH

Cited by 8 publications

References 296 publications

A New Generation of Drugs: Synthetic Peptides Based on Natural Regulatory Peptides

A New Generation of Drugs: Synthetic Peptides Based on Natural Regulatory Peptides

Molecular approaches to learning and memory.

S‐100 Protein in Clonal Astroglioma Cells Is Released by Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Corticotropin‐Like Intermediate‐Lobe Peptide

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