Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Characteristics of the Night-Eating Syndrome

Birketvedt, Grethe Støa; Florholmen, Jon; Sundsfjord, Johan; Østerud, Bjarne; Dinges, David F.; Bilker, Warren B.; Stunkard, Albert J.

doi:10.1001/jama.282.7.657

Cited by 382 publications

(388 citation statements)

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“…29 Our data confirm that a positive association is present between depressed mood and NES. 5,14,30 In our series depression was the only variable associated with the presence of NES, the association was not influenced by binge eating, and almost half of NES cases reported severe depressive symptoms. The significant differences in IWQOL total score between NES and non-NES participants disappeared after controlling for BDI score, suggesting that depression negatively influences the perceived IWQOL in NES participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…A few studies in obese participants observed a positive association between NES, life stress, psychoneuroticism, 13 depression and low mood. 5,9,14 However, only few studies controlled the associations between NES and the psychological variables for binge eating. 15 A study comparing obese participants seeking treatment for weight loss with and without NES found that night eaters had higher depression and lower self-esteem, and that the association was not due to confounding effects of binge eating disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Night eating syndrome in class II–III obesity: metabolic and psychopathological features

2009

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Objective: To investigate the relationship of metabolic disorders and psychological features with the night eating syndrome (NES) in individuals with moderate-to-severe obesity. Design: Cross-sectional observation. Subjects: A total of 266 consecutive participants with class II-III obesity, entering an inpatient weight loss program. Measurements: Participants who reported consuming either a large amount of their caloric intake after the evening meal (roughly self-assessed as X25% of daily calories) or the presence of nocturnal feeding at the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) (N ¼ 49) were interviewed by the Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory (NESHI). Assessment also included the clinical/ biochemical parameters of the metabolic syndrome and several questionnaires of psychopathology. NES was diagnosed by NESHI criteria (evening hyperphagia (X25% of daily food intake after the evening meal) and/or waking at night to eat at least three times a week) in the last 3 months. Results: Twenty-seven participants (10.1%) met NESHI criteria. Differences were not observed between participants with and without NES as to age, body mass index (BMI), prevalence of metabolic syndrome, Binge Eating Scale and Body Shape Questionnaire. NES participants had significantly higher scores of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL). Among NES cases, the BDI score was indicative of moderate depression in 18.5% of cases and of severe depression in 44.4%. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, identified the BDI score as the only variable significantly associated with the diagnosis of NES. Conclusion: Diagnosing NES does not help identify obese individuals with specific medical complications, but indicates more severe psychological distress and depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Night eating syndrome in class II–III obesity: metabolic and psychopathological features

2009

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“…Individuals with NES have difficultly falling asleep and difficulty maintaining sleep with awakenings associated with food intake (Stunkard and Allison 2003b). The amount of food consumed by individuals during each night-feeding episode was found to be approximately the same size as a moderate snack (approximately 270 calories), smaller than the amount of food consumed by individuals with BED and BN during an eating binge (Birketvedt et al 1999). NES is comorbid with depression (Gluck et al 2001) and is associated with increased weight gain and obesity (Grilo and Masheb 2004).…”

Section: Obesity Is Associated With Disordered Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals with NES have been reported to show attenuated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone (Birketvedt et al 2002). They have also been reported to have elevated circulating levels of cortisol (Birketvedt et al 1999) and ghrelin (Rosenhagen et al 2005) and a reduced nocturnal rise in levels of melatonin and leptin (Birketvedt et al 1999).…”

Section: Obesity Is Associated With Disordered Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

2008

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Background and rationale This review addresses the role animal models play in contributing to our knowledge about the eating disorders anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and obesity. Objectives Explore the usefulness of animal models in complex biobehavioral familial conditions, such as AN, BN, and obesity, that involve interactions among genetic, physiologic, psychological, and cultural factors. Results and conclusionsThe most promising animal model to mimic AN is the activity-based anorexia rodent model leading to pathological weight loss. The paradigm incorporates reward elements of the drive for activity in the presence of an appetite and allows the use of genetically modified animals. For BN, the sham-feeding preparation in rodents equipped with a gastric fistula appears to be best suited to reproduce the postprandial emesis and the defects in satiety. Animal models that incorporate genes linked to behavior and mood may clarify biobehavioral processes underlying AN and BN. By contrast, a relative abundance of animal models has contributed to our understanding of human obesity. Both environmental and genetic determinants of obesity have been modeled in rodents. Here, we consider single gene mutant obesity models, along with models of obesigenic environmental conditions. The contributions of animal models to obesity research are illustrated by their utility for identifying genes linked to human obesity, for elucidating the pathways that regulate body weight and for the identification of potential therapeutic targets. The utility of these models may be further improved by exploring the impact of experimental manipulations on the behavioral determinants of energy balance.

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“…Alguns estudos demonstram a diminuição da melatonina durante a noite em indivíduos com SCN e registram relatos de pacientes com difi culdades para dormir ou então adormecer e manter-se dormindo. Tais respostas levam a considerar que a redução de melatonina possa contribuir para manter a insônia e o humor deprimido 16 . Estudo avaliando comedores noturnos e grupo controle demonstrou que indivíduos com SCN apresentam uma redução…”

Section: Revisão Da Literaturaunclassified

Transtornos alimentares e padrão circadiano alimentar: uma revisão

Bernardi

Harb

Levandovski

et al. 2009

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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ResumoEste artigo tem como objetivo revisar aspectos relacionados a transtornos alimentares e suas relações com as alterações no ritmo circadiano. Realizouse uma busca sistematizada das informações nas bases de dados PubMed usando os seguintes descritores: eating disorders, circadian rhythm, night eating syndrome, binge eating disorder e sleep patterns. Os transtornos alimentares, como a síndrome do comer noturno e o transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica, têm sido considerados e relacionados a um atraso no ritmo circadiano da ingestão alimentar e saciedade prejudicada. Os ritmos circadianos são aqueles que apresentam um período de 24 h, como, por exemplo, o ciclo sono-vigília, temperatura corporal, atividade e comportamento alimentar. Distúrbios provocados pelas alterações nos horários de sono/vigília infl uenciam o apetite, a saciedade e, consequentemente, a ingestão alimentar, o que parece favorecer o aumento desses transtornos. Percebe-se que o comportamento alimentar pode ser infl uenciado por ritmos circadianos. Porém, mais estudos e o maior conhecimento sobre a ritmicidade alimentar podem contribuir com o melhor entendimento do comportamento alimentar atual, atuando na prevenção e/ou tratamento de transtornos alimentares. Descritores: Transtornos alimentares, ritmo circadiano, síndrome do comer noturno, transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica, padrões de sono. . AbstractThis review aims at reviewing aspects related to eating disorders arising from changes in circadian rhythm. There was a systematic search in PubMed databases, using the following descriptors: eating disorders, circadian rhythm, night eating syndrome, binge eating disorder, and sleep patterns. Eating disorders, such as night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder, have been considered and related to a delay in circadian rhythm in food intake and impaired satiety. Circadian rhythms are those that show a period of 24 h, for example, sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, activity and eating behavior. Disorders related to changes in sleep-wake schedules infl uence the appetite, satiety and consequently food intake, which seems to increase such disorders. Circadian rhythm can infl uence eating behavior. However, more studies and knowledge about food rhythmicity might contribute to better understanding the current eating behavior, acting in prevention and/or treatment of eating disorders.

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Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Characteristics of the Night-Eating Syndrome

Abstract: A coherent pattern of behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics was found in subjects with NES.

Cited by 382 publications

References 35 publications

Night eating syndrome in class II–III obesity: metabolic and psychopathological features

Night eating syndrome in class II–III obesity: metabolic and psychopathological features

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

Transtornos alimentares e padrão circadiano alimentar: uma revisão

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