Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms that Predict Cognitive Decline or Impairment in Cognitively Normal Middle-Aged or Older Adults: a Meta-Analysis

Psychosocial Effects of Corona Measures on Patients With Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline

“…Due to corona (measures), half of the symptomatic patients and caregivers reported an increase in psychological symptoms, including feelings of loneliness, anxiety, depression and uncertainty. This is reason for concern as psychological and neuropsychiatric symptoms are known to be strongly related to cognitive decline, caregiver burden and quality of life (21)(22)(23)(24). Also in cognitively normal patients, one third reported an increase in psychological symptoms.…”

microRNA-Based Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

“…The accurate identification of AD is exacerbated by the global lack of routine diagnostic tools for identifying patients early enough in their disease course, i.e., the "prodromal" period, for designing a suitable intervention or prospective treatment regimen. Of equal concern is our lack of basic understanding of the underlying root causes of AD and the widely observed variability in the clinical presentation of AD once the onset of the disease process is clinically recognized (Ashford et al, 1992;Hudon et al, 2020;Patnode et al, 2020). For AD only symptomatic treatments that suppress the clinical manifestations are currently available Hampel and Lista, 2013;Lukiw, 2013a,b;Praticò, 2013;Hampel et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2014;Yanagida et al, 2017;Blennow and Zetterberg, 2018;Cole and Seabrook, 2020).…”

“…These include a significant dedication of medical personnel to individual AD patients in cooperation with family and caregivers, multiple combinatorial approaches including extensive clinical assessment, intermittent brain neuroimaging over the onset and course of AD and a host of multiple molecular, genetic, epigenetic, neurophysiological, and neurobiological strategies with focus on CSF, serum biomarkers, miRNA and perhaps other sncRNA abundance in these biofluid compartments. While significant progress is being made: it is important to point out that: (i) combinatorial diagnostic methodologies incorporating molecular genetic markers such as miRNA screening combined with DNA-based gene mutation analysis, advanced MRI-or PET-neuroimaging techniques and conscientious clinical evaluations, still have difficulty in the diagnosis of AD, often requiring the stratification of AD into complex subgroups and post-mortem verification (Guerreiro et al, 2012;Pogue and Lukiw, 2018;Penner et al, 2019;Peña-Bautista et al, 2019;Guest et al, 2020;Habes et al, 2020;Hampel et al, 2020a,b;Hudon et al, 2020;Khoury and Grossberg, 2020;Sherva et al, 2014;Rossini et al, 2020;Serpente et al, 2020;Sims et al, 2020;Singh and Yadav, 2020;Swarbrick et al, 2019;Turner et al, 2020;van den Berg et al, 2020;Weller, 2020); and (ii) currently available pharmacology and strategic treatments (including targeted drug delivery) based on these diagnostic tools, in the majority of cases, still do not directly address the primary underlying cause of either EOAD or LOAD but are sadly limited to the temporary alleviation of clinical symptoms (Di Resta and Ferrari, 2019;Veitch et al, 2019;Guest et al, 2020;Khoury and Grossberg, 2020;Lewczuk et al, 2020;Patnode et al, 2020;Rahman et al, 2020).…”

Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses

“…However, other authors suggest that the presence of depression in patients with AD increases the risk of behavioral disturbance and accelerates functional decline [ 12 ]. Hudon et al [ 19 ], for example, found that depression was the most consistent risk factor associated with behavioral or psychological symptoms and cognitive decline in patients with AD. In addition, several studies concluded that late-life depression is related to an increased risk for all-cause dementia, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], and late-life depression was shown to be associated consistently with a two-fold increased risk of dementia [ 23 , 24 ].…”