Behavioral Aspects of Captive Alpine Musk Deer during Non-mating Season: Gender Differences and Monthly Patterns

Meng, Xiuxiang; Zhao, Chao; Hui, Cenyi; Luan, Xiaofeng

doi:10.5713/ajas.2011.10425

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Seasonal variation was shown to influence the time budget allocation of female Alpine musk deer to sustain energy lost during pregnancy, lactation, and parturition by increasing its ingestive optimization. It was done by increasing locomotion (standing-gazing and moving) rather than bedding (Meng et al, 2011). The visitor density/frequency was proven to induce higher pacing in jaguars compared to Sellinger and Ha (2005), which showed no association between visitor frequency and pacing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Social Behavior of Sambar Deer (Rusa Unicolor) in Three Selected Captive Facilities in Peninsular Malaysia

Selvarajah¹,

Nadzir²,

Annavi³

2022

JST

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Sambar deer was up-listed from Least Concern to Vulnerable by the IUCN Red list in 2015. The local government has initiated Ex-situ conservation efforts to boost sambar deer numbers in captivity and reintroduce them into the wild. The reproductive success of sambar deer and their welfare management practices in captivity are important components for effective captive breeding programs. However, there has been a lack of study on sambar deer in recent years, especially about their behavior in captivity. This study aimed to identify environmental factors that may influence the behavior of the captive sambar. Three captive sites were selected and observed for an average of 40 days at each site (minimum 37 days to maximum 43 days, 6 hours/day). A Generalized Linear Model was used to determine the correlation between social behavior and extrinsic parameters. ‘Captive sites’ showed the strongest correlation in behavioral variability environmental settings, such as the size of the enclosure, could force the deer to spend more time in a herd, which increases the frequency in grooming, which was recorded to be highest in Zoo Negara compared to other captive sites. Time of day also significantly influenced certain behavior skewed towards morning slots. It could be due to an adaptive behavior to the feeding time in the captive sites being often in the morning, which caused the deer to rest towards the afternoon. A suggestion would be to create a more erratic feeding schedule to ensure that the deer adapt to behavior variations. An extensive study needs to be done on sambar deer to pinpoint the specifics and better understand these possible influential factors in their behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Social Behavior of Sambar Deer (Rusa Unicolor) in Three Selected Captive Facilities in Peninsular Malaysia

Selvarajah¹,

Nadzir²,

Annavi³

2022

JST

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“…Currently, the FMD is classified as 'endangered' by the IUCN Red List and represents the major captive stock held on private and governmental musk deer farms in China. Severe timidity and petrified flight responses make it difficult to breed FMD in captivity [7][8][9]. Moreover, species-inappropriate health and welfare conditions often lead to behavioral disorders, diseases or even mortalities [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different weaning times on the stress response and the intestinal microbiota composition of female forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and their fawns

Shi²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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The effects of mother-infant separation (i.e., weaning) on the physiology, psychology and nutrition of mammalian infants have attracted much attention. Forest musk deer (FMD) is a first-class protected species in China and listed endangered in the IUCN Red List. The captive breeding population is not only an important source for restocking of wild resources, but also a necessary way to supply the market with legal musk. So far, there is no scientific basis for the appropriate separation time of FMD females and their infants. Therefore, we used metagenome sequencing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to study changes in the fecal cortisol concentration, as well as the intestinal microbiome composition and function of females and fawns at three different separation times, i.e., after 80 days, 90 days and 100 days. The results showed that the increment of the cortisol concentration in female FMD increased with increasing lactation time. The increment of cortisol concentration in infant FMD was highest in the 80 days weaning group, but there was no significant difference between the 90 days and the 100 days separation time. Based on the annotation results of COG, KEGG and CAZy databases, the abundance of different functions annotated by the intestinal microbiome of mothers and fawns of the 90 days weaning group changed slightly after separation. Based on the above results, the separation of mother and infant FMD is recommended after 90 days, i.e., the separation time that triggered the lowest rate of weaning stress and that supported a relatively stable gastro-intestinal physiology.

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Behavioral and physiological responses of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) to experimental fawn manipulation

Wang

Liu

et al. 2016

acta ethol

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Behavioral Aspects of Captive Alpine Musk Deer during Non-mating Season: Gender Differences and Monthly Patterns

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Comparative Study on the Social Behavior of Sambar Deer (Rusa Unicolor) in Three Selected Captive Facilities in Peninsular Malaysia

Comparative Study on the Social Behavior of Sambar Deer (Rusa Unicolor) in Three Selected Captive Facilities in Peninsular Malaysia

Effects of different weaning times on the stress response and the intestinal microbiota composition of female forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and their fawns

Behavioral and physiological responses of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) to experimental fawn manipulation

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