Behavioral Changes in Wild Male and Female Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) During and Following a Resident Male Take-Over

Utami, Sri; Setia, Tatang Mitra

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1091-2_18

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Each of these categories adopts a different mating strategy. This pattern is compatible with the emerging consensus of alternative mating strategies, in which adult males are able to monopolise voluntary matings with sexually receptive females, and subadult males search widely for females and attempt to mate with them, if necessary by force [2,23,25,31,32]. However, it also indicates an unexpected differentiation among the adult males.…”

Section: Male Mating Strategies and Rangingsupporting

confidence: 49%

The Social Organisation of a Population of Sumatran Orang-Utans

Singleton

Schaik²

2002

IJFP

133

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Female orang-utans in a Sumatran swamp forest live in large, but stable, and widely overlapping home ranges. They preferentially associate with some of their female neighbours, possibly relatives, to form socially distinct clusters that also experience reproductive synchrony. Sexually mature males range more widely than females, but among them the dominant adult male has a relatively more limited range. His ranging and that of the subadult males reflect the local abundance of sexually attractive females. The other adult males tend to avoid these concentrations and focus on areas away from the dominant male. Females show philopatric tendencies. Male-biased sex ratios at birth give way to heavily female-biased sex ratios among adults. This suggests a net loss of males as they mature, due either to excess male mortality (e.g. by male mating competition), excess male dispersal from the population or a combination of both. We conclude that the orang-utan social organisation is best described as a loose community, showing neither spatial nor social exclusivity, consisting of one or more female clusters and the adult male they all prefer as mate.

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Section: Male Mating Strategies and Rangingsupporting

confidence: 49%

The Social Organisation of a Population of Sumatran Orang-Utans

Singleton

Schaik²

2002

IJFP

133

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“…Male-male competition is high in orang-utans (Utami and Mitra Setia 1995;Utami et al 2002;Utami Atmoko et al 2009a, b) and it is therefore more beneficial for males to disperse because, unlike chimpanzees, they do not form cooperative groupings or alliances (Ghiglieri 1987;Morrogh-Bernard 2009;Sugiyama 2004; Queller and Goodnight (1989); (c) Lynch and Ritland (1999); (d) Li et al (1993). Utami et al 2002;Utami Atmoko et al 2009a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops) (Alberts and Altmann 1995;Cheney and Seyfarth 1983;Pusey and Packer 1987). Like orang-utans (Larsen 2003), but unlike chimpanzees, these species are characterized by pronounced sexual dimorphism, which occurs in species with high male-male competition (Mitani et al 1996;Plavcan 2001;Plavcan and van Schaik 1997), including orang-utans (Utami and Mitra Setia 1995;Utami et al 2002). The fact that the orang-utans' extinct ancestors Khoratpithecus piriyai (7-9 Mya; Chaimanee et al 2004) and Lufengpithecus chiangmuanensis (10-14 Mya) also exhibit characteristics of strong sexual dimorphism (Chaimanee et al 2003), suggests a male-biased dispersal system for these species, and may resemble the dispersal system of early hominoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal Patterns of Orang-utans (Pongo spp.) in a Bornean Peat-swamp Forest

et al. 2010

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Knowledge regarding dispersal patterns in great apes may help in understanding the evolution of dispersal patterns and social grouping in early hominoids, as well as in our own species. However, the social structure and dispersal system of orang-utans (Pongo spp.) remains little understood despite past research. We addressed this question by conducting genetic analyses on a wild orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) population from the Sabangau peat-swamp in Borneo. We estimated pairwise relatedness among 16 adult individuals using 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Mean relatedness among females was significantly higher than in males, irrespective of the relatedness estimator used, following the pattern predicted for male dispersal. Our results support field observations that average dispersal distance for females is less than for males, suggesting that female orangutans are philopatric, whereas males disperse. This contrasts with previous findings from other sites where anthropogenic influences were present. Based on qualitative mitochondrial DNA analyses, it appears that unflanged adult males show some degree of site fidelity compared to flanged males. Thus, male orang-utans may disperse permanently from their natal range once they are fully flanged. Male-biased dispersal and female philopatry in orang-utans differ from those of extant African apes and are more similar to many Old World monkey species. Hence we hypothesize that this system may represent the ancestral state of early hominoids.

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“…Long calls produced in response to another male's call or a snag crash did not correspond with travel direction, likely because future travel direction either towards or away from the corresponding male is dependent on dominance rank [MacKinnon, 1974;Mitani, 1985b;van't Land, 1990;Utami and Mitra Setia, 1995;Delgado, 2003;Delgado et al, 2009;Askew, unpubl. data].…”

Section: Call Direction and Travel Routementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a number of sites in Sumatra and in Borneo, acoustic analyses of the calls have found that calls are individually distinguishable [Delgado, 2003;Delgado et al, 2009;Spillmann et al, 2010]. It is indicated by field playback experiments and behavioural observations that males are able to use the calls for an intrasexual spacing function, with subordinate males avoiding the calls of dominants [MacKinnon, 1974;Mitani, 1985b;van't Land, 1990;Utami & Mitra Setia, 1995;Delgado, 2003;Delgado et al, 2009;Askew, unpubl. data].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Characteristics of Long Calls Produced by Male Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii): Advertising Individual Identity, Context, and Travel Direction

Askew

Morrogh‐Bernard²

2016

IJFP

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Acoustic characteristics and context of the long-distance call of male orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) were examined in a population of orang-utans from Central Kalimantan, Borneo. Male orang-utans produced long calls under different circumstances, including calls made spontaneously, in response to conspecifics, when accompanied by a snag crash and when travelling with a female. It was shown by acoustic analyses that there was individual discrimination between the male's calls, discrimination between the calls made under different contexts, and between calls from one individual from different years, which coincided with a change in his dominance status. We also confirm that flanged male orang-utans advertise their intended travel route, by long calling in the direction of their travel. If other orang-utans (males and females) within ear shot of the caller can identify the caller from their long call, and even obtain information about the context and status of the individual, they can then therefore choose whether to approach or avoid them. Thus, males seem to be using their long call to announce their presence, allowing them to orient themselves spatially to other orang-utans, and, potentially, to co-ordinate a network of loose associations between both males and females in the area.

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Behavioral Changes in Wild Male and Female Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) During and Following a Resident Male Take-Over

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

The Social Organisation of a Population of Sumatran Orang-Utans

The Social Organisation of a Population of Sumatran Orang-Utans

Dispersal Patterns of Orang-utans (Pongo spp.) in a Bornean Peat-swamp Forest

Acoustic Characteristics of Long Calls Produced by Male Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii): Advertising Individual Identity, Context, and Travel Direction

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