Behavioral conceptualization of tourism and leisure

Moore, Kevin; Cushman, Grant; Simmons, David G.

doi:10.1016/0160-7383(94)00029-r

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In light of this trend, researchers focused on exploring the experience of tourists, and the importance of the tourist experience for tourists (Yfantidou G., Costa G., Mavrommatis G. & Michalopoulos M., 2008;Foo A.-J., Mcguiggan R. & Yiannakis A., 2004;Gibson H. & Yiannakis A., 2002). Tourism as a special form of leisure and free time has unique characteristics, where concrete types of tourism can be checked based on the behavior of free time (Moore K., Cushman G. & Simmons D., 1995). The majority of research suggests that men participate more in all forms of tourism types, and at all ages (Gibson, 1998;Frew E. & Shaw R., 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourist Roles, Gender and Age in Greece: A Study of Tourists in Greece

Yfantidou¹,

Costa²,

Michalopoulos³

2008

IJSMaRT

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This research is set in the context of tourism marketing and refers specifically to tourist roles. A representative sample of 1675 tourists brings to light the tourist role preference in Greece, and allows us to examine the possible differences between men and women of varying ages. The Tourist Role Preference Scale (TRPS) was used for this research.The findings of this study support the existence of Yiannakis and Gibson's 15 leisure tourist roles in Greece. Sun lover, anthropologist, archaeologist, independent mass tourist and escapist were found to be the most prevalent tourist roles in Greece. A comparison between gender and age revealed more similarities than differences. TRPS was proven reliable and valid for the sample used in this study and the questions of the scale represented significantly the tourist roles measured.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourist Roles, Gender and Age in Greece: A Study of Tourists in Greece

Yfantidou¹,

Costa²,

Michalopoulos³

2008

IJSMaRT

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“…Despite these differences between travel and leisure in general, Moore et al (1995) found a comparison between them to be too simplistic because that categorizes all forms of leisure (tourism aside) into one homogeneous group, regardless of the differences between the other leisure activities. Additionally, there are numerous examples within the literature that indicate differences in consumer behaviour (such as motivation) across different leisure activities.…”

Section: Measuring Push Factors (Motives)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there are numerous examples within the literature that indicate differences in consumer behaviour (such as motivation) across different leisure activities. Thus, Moore et al (1995) conclude that differences between travel and leisure do not make travel unique from leisure as a whole, and that measuring aspects of tourism, such as motives, should draw from leisure research, ultimately benefiting both areas of study. Ryan and Glendon's (1998) tourism-specific version of the Leisure Motivation Scale is a prime example of travel motivation research that builds on leisure literature.…”

Section: Measuring Push Factors (Motives)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In doing so, he identified many ways in which tourism is unique and different from other forms of leisure and non-leisure travel. Moore, Cushman, and Simmons (1995) provide a succinct summary of these differences:…”

Section: Measuring Push Factors (Motives)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dann (1977Dann ( , 1981 also found that researchers often confuse push and pull factors, labelling pull factors as motives. Alternatively, Moore, Cushman, and Simmons (1995; based on the work of Hoyenga and Hoyenga, 1984) defend the use of a combined item set, stating that:…”

Section: Push -Pull Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cruise tourists’ perceptions of destination: Exploring push and pull motivational factors in the decision to take a cruise vacation

Whyte¹

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Cruise tourism is an increasingly popular and profitable industry that has been experiencing growth rates since the 1980s that are greater than the travel industry as a whole. Despite this growth, research about cruise tourism remains relatively underrepresented in the academic literature, with limited research into the motivational factors that influence the decision to take a cruise vacation. This research explores the motivational factors that influence the decisions of tourists to take a cruise vacation by using the push-pull framework. Push factors are the internal psychological motives that drive the need or desire to travel (Crompton, 1979) while pull factors are the specific attributes of the cruise destination (onboard and onshore) that draw tourists towards a specific cruise line, ship, or destination.Research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach in a three-stage sequential design. In the first stage of research, one-on-one interviews (20 participants) were conducted to explore participants' personal constructs of destination image in the context of cruise vacations. RepertoryGrid Analysis and open-ended questions were used to identify the onboard and onshore attributes that travellers use to compare and differentiate between cruise vacations. The responses were presented from the cruise travellers' point of view, representing personally relevant criteria that are used in the decision-making process (Coshall, 2000;Hankinson, 2004;Young, 1995).These results were then used to create a new measurement scale for cruise destination attributes that accounts for the unique aspects of cruising and that allows researchers to separately measure the importance of both onboard and onshore attributes.In the second stage, online surveys (344 participants) were conducted to refine the list of attributes elicited from Stage 1 to a quantity that is suitable for inclusion in a quantitative survey instrument in Stage 3. The online survey also tests the ability of the instrument to determine the relative importance of onboard and onshore attributes in tourists' choice of a specific cruise.The refined cruise destination attribute scale in the Stage 3 online study (503 participants) permitted, for the first time, an effective measurement of the relative importance of onboard and onshore attributes in tourist choices of a specific cruises. The results revealed that, when deciding on a cruise vacation, the majority of travellers place greater importance on the onboard attributes than on the onshore attributes. This supports the recent development by the cruise industry of new ships that are self-contained destinations, and of marketing campaigns that position the cruise ship as the focal point of cruise vacations, with cruise destinations being of secondary importance (Weaver, 2005c;Weeden et al., 2011;Wood, 2000). Although onboard attributes were of greater importance overall to many participants, this was not true for all. Further analysis identified three distinct groups: firstly, the onboard preference gro...

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Towards a welfare focus for tourism research

Hall¹,

Brown²

1996

Progr. Tourism Hospit. Res.

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Analysis of the welfare – physical, economic, social, etc. – of all those involved in tourism (tourists, employees, local residents, animals and the environment in which it takes place) is proposed as a means of illuminating tourism's nature and impacts. The paper argues that the welfare of one set of participants may be compromised by efforts to increase that of others and illustrates this with an examination of the contrasting welfare of tourists and non‐tourists; the welfare of tourism employees, especially those who migrate to take up work, versus that of other residents; and the (dis)benefits that accrue to animals and nature when included in the tourism product.

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Behavioral conceptualization of tourism and leisure

Cited by 65 publications

References 35 publications

Tourist Roles, Gender and Age in Greece: A Study of Tourists in Greece

Tourist Roles, Gender and Age in Greece: A Study of Tourists in Greece

Cruise tourists’ perceptions of destination: Exploring push and pull motivational factors in the decision to take a cruise vacation

Towards a welfare focus for tourism research

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