Behavioral Development of Terrestrial Carnivores

Bekoff, Marc

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0855-3_4

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 270 publications

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“…Dayan et al ( 1989) raised the possibility that canines are used for interspecific communication in threat behavior; in carnivores at least part of such behavior consists of showing the teeth by opening the mouth and, in some species, by baring the canines (Ewer 1973). Bekoff (1989) notes that relatively few studies treat mustelid behavior. Those that do (Lockie 1966, Poole 1966, Gossow 1970, Neal 1986, Gorman and Trowbridge 1989, Kruuk 1989 suggest that canines are rarely displayed, and then only by the individual seeking to avoid further aggression.…”

Section: Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Character Displacement, Sexual Dimprphism, and Morphological Variation among British and Irish Mustelids

Dayan

Simberloff

1994

Ecology

197

220

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Five native terrestrial mustelids are found in Great Britain. Only three of these occur in Ireland. Farmed American mink have recently established feral populations on both islands. We studied inter— and intraspecific size relationships, sexual size dimorphism, and morphological variation among these mustelids. We viewed each size as a separate morphospecies, skull length as a measure of body size, and the upper canine tooth as the organ used to kill prey. Geographic variation was low in both islands, so we considered the mustelid population of each island a single unit. Community—wide character displacement (evidence by equal size ratios) was found among British mustelids for canine diameter. For skull length it was seen only when the largely vermivorous badger was excluded. When we added feral mink the regular pattern disappeared, but when we substituted the mink for the polecat, which is now restricted to parts of Wales and adjacent England, community—wide character displacement was manifest. For Irish mustelids size ratios were not equal, but the pattern for canines was more regular than for skull lengths. Adding the local feral mink did not result in a regular pattern, but addition of the mink and exclusion of the badger yielded equal ratios for skull length but not for canines. These patterns plus published empirical data support a hypothesis of prey size partitioning. The significant differences in size between some of the British and Irish populations of the same morphospecies suggest the possibility of ecological release among Irish mustelids, whose populations originally derived from British ones. In particular, canine sexual size dimorphism is greater for Irish pine martens, stoats, and mink, as would be expected if there were fewer competitors. For the marten and the stoat, Irish females have evolved to be strikingly smaller than their British counterparts, in each case approximating the size of the male of a missing species (polecat for the marten, weasel for the stoat). For skull length there is no consistent patterns. Finally, morphological variation is greater in Ireland for five or six morphospecies, as predicted by the niche—variation hypothesis.

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Section: Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Character Displacement, Sexual Dimprphism, and Morphological Variation among British and Irish Mustelids

Dayan

Simberloff

1994

Ecology

197

220

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“…Any discussion of the development of individual differences in behavior must consider the influence of ecological, social, and life history variables (Berger, 1979;Bekoff, 1981Bekoff, , 1988Bekoff & Byers, 1981Fagen, 1981;Bekoff, Daniels, & Gittleman, 1984;Lee, 1984). For example, some habitats may be more demanding than others (limited availability of food or water, extremely high or low ambient temperatures, difficult terrain in which to move about; Berger, 1979;Lee, 1984), and individual variations in motor activity may be accentuated or diminished and have varying influences on later behavior, even among conspecifics (Berger, 1979).…”

Section: The Influence Of Ecological Social and Life History Variabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor training and physical fitness: Possible short‐ and long‐term influences on the development of individual differences in behavior

Bekoff

1988

Developmental Psychobiology

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Individual differences in the behavior of young and adult animals have been documented in diverse species. Possible sources of such variation are of interest to scientists representing many disciplines, including behavior, genetics, and population and evolutionary biology. Two variables that may be important in the ontogeny and maintenance of behavioral differences are (1) individual physical (aerobic and anaerobic) fitness and (2) possible genetic variations underlying individual abilities to engage in, and to benefit from, motor training early in life. The differential development of aerobic and anaerobic capacities may play a significant role in the ontogeny of individual differences in the performance of various motor skills. There also may be short- and long-term consequences of variations in physical fitness that influence individual abilities to perform energy demanding acts during aggressive encounters, interactions with prey or predators, and courtship and breeding. Genetic studies of a limited number of species indicate that specific genotypes are correlated with individual variations in motor performance, even among conspecifics. Multidisciplinary research concerning possible relationships among the ontogeny of physical fitness, genetics, and variations in behavior is needed. Recent work on the relationship between individual differences in physical fitness and variations in the behavior of adult cold-blooded vertebrates provides a good model for comparative research on warm-blooded species.

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“…Dispersal is the movement of an animal from its natal range upon reaching age of independence (Bekoff 1989). While subadult (i.e., prepubescent individual independent of its mother's care; Logan and Sweanor 2001) female cougars (Puma concolor) tend to be philopatric, subadult male cougars generally disperse greater distances (Anderson et al 1992, Sweanor et al 2000.…”

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confidence: 99%

Research Notes: Long-Distance Dispersal by a Subadult Male Cougar From the Black Hills, South Dakota

Thompson

Jenks

2005

Journal of Wildlife Management

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Behavioral Development of Terrestrial Carnivores

Cited by 17 publications

References 270 publications

Character Displacement, Sexual Dimprphism, and Morphological Variation among British and Irish Mustelids

Character Displacement, Sexual Dimprphism, and Morphological Variation among British and Irish Mustelids

Motor training and physical fitness: Possible short‐ and long‐term influences on the development of individual differences in behavior

Research Notes: Long-Distance Dispersal by a Subadult Male Cougar From the Black Hills, South Dakota

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