Behavioral disruption of memory reconsolidation: From bench to bedside and back again.

Drexler, Shira Meir; Wolf, Oliver T.

doi:10.1037/bne0000231

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…These characteristics are referred to as reactivation-related factors, which constitute a type of boundary condition. The other type of boundary conditions are memory-related factors (e.g., age and strength of the memory) (Meir Drexler and Wolf, 2018;Wideman et al, 2018). A recent new viewpoint claims that the boundary conditions are not fixed but are variable due to the interplay between reactivationrelated factors and memory-related factors (Fernandez et al, 2016a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destabilizing Different Strengths of Fear Memories Requires Different Degrees of Prediction Error During Retrieval

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Reactivation of consolidated memories can induce a labile period, in which these reactivated memories might be susceptible to change and need reconsolidation. Prediction error (PE) has been recognized as a necessary boundary condition for memory destabilization. Moreover, memory strength is also widely accepted as an essential boundary condition to destabilize fear memory. This study investigated whether different strengths of conditioned fear memories require different degrees of PE during memory reactivation in order for the memories to become destabilized. Here, we assessed the fear-potentiated startle and skin conductance response, using the post-retrieval extinction procedure. A violation of expectancy (PE) was induced during retrieval to reactivate enhanced (unpredictable-shock) or ordinary (predictable-shock) fear memories that were established the day before. Results showed that a PE retrieval before extinction can prevent the return of predictable-shock fear memory but cannot prevent the return of unpredictable-shock fear memory, indicating that a single PE is insufficient to destabilize enhanced fear memory. Therefore, we further investigated whether increasing the degree of PE could destabilize enhanced fear memory using different retrieval strategies (multiple PE retrieval and unreinforced CS retrieval). We found that spontaneous recovery of enhanced fear memory was prevented in both retrieval strategies, but reinstatement was only prevented in the multiple PE retrieval group, suggesting that a larger amount of PE is needed to destabilize enhanced fear memory. The findings suggest that behavioral updating during destabilization requires PE, and the degree of PE needed to induce memory destabilization during memory retrieval depends on the strength of fear memory. The study indicates that memory reconsolidation inference can be used to destabilize stronger memories, and the findings shed lights on the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders and anxiety disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destabilizing Different Strengths of Fear Memories Requires Different Degrees of Prediction Error During Retrieval

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Second, if task switching leads to changes of prior experience akin to memory reconsolidation, switching can inspire applied studies in education and therapy. We elaborate the former perspective in a separate section, whereas the parallels for the latter can be found in a review by Drexler and Wolf (2018).…”

Section: Task Switching Is Construction Of Individual Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Way of Learning Preserved in The Structure of Individual Experience Shapes Task-Switching: Implications for Neuroscience and Education

Созинов

Bakhchina

Alexandrov

2021

IJCRSEE

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Task switching is a behavioral phenomenon that serves as a tool for assessment of individual cognitive abilities that becomes especially essential in our multitasking milieu. Factors of task-switching include cognitive load and cognitive effort, mostly derived from task difficulty, as well as age and practice. The analysis of brain activity on the level of single neurons shows that the activations that contribute to task performance and switching differ with respect to the protocol of learning the alternated tasks. We argue that task switching is affected by the history of learning and in turn it changes the structure of individual experience. On this basis we outline perspectives of task switching studies in the fundamental field of long-term memory and applied field of education and therapy.

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“…Human memories are nothing like fixed data instantly stored on a computer, but rather, they are fleeting associations of millions of neurons. Particular associations strengthen over a period of time in a process called consolidation , and during consolidation, intervening sensations and events can disrupt and even alter what is consolidated . Remarkably, each time we bring any memory to mind, a similar process must occur.…”

Section: Mixed‐research Synthesis On Posttraumatic Birth May Point Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reconsolidation also presents opportunities to disrupt and alter the negativity of memories. In their 2018 review article, Meir Drexler and Wolf wrote that “…studies have suggested that both very simple tasks and more complex learning paradigms can be used to disrupt or update memory reconsolidation, even of stronger emotional memories.” (pg 13) In other words, an extraneous mental task inserted during the time a memory is in the process of being consolidated or reconsolidated may mitigate or prevent the type of negative memory that can result in PTSD symptoms. Two identified intervention studies used this principle to successfully decrease posttraumatic symptoms.…”

Section: Mixed‐research Synthesis On Posttraumatic Birth May Point Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Resources for Evidence‐Based Practice, September/October 2019

Barger

2019

J Midwife Womens Health

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MIXED-RESEARCH SYNTHESIS ON POSTTRAUMATIC BIRTH MAY POINT TO POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONSStudying the effects of traumatic birth on women and their lives can be difficult because birth trauma is defined by the person who experiences it. Perinatal care providers, who see a range of birth experiences daily, may not perceive a particular birth for a particular family as traumatic. It is clear that studying a complex phenomenon, such as traumatic birth stress, benefits from both qualitative and quantitative research methods.Additionally, an individual may experience posttraumatic stress symptoms that do not necessarily meet the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and, unfortunately, the 2 concepts may not be clearly differentiated in research studies. The prevalence of PTSD is around 4% in general community samples of postpartum women and is much greater (18%) in women at higher risk for PTSD, according to a recent meta-analysis of 25 studies. 1 Presumably, the number of women with posttraumatic stress symptoms is much higher.Beck and Casavant set out in this synthesis of studies using both quantitative and qualitative approaches to more deeply understand what we know about the effect of traumatic birth on women having term births. 2 They rigorously used mixedresearch synthesis methods with the aim of the narrative analysis of both quantitative and qualitative studies providing new theoretical insights to understanding the mechanisms of studied interventions. 3 For this synthesis, they identified 59 studies (55 quantitative and 4 qualitative) meeting their criteria (eg, participants had term births of living newborns not in the neonatal intensive care unit; studies were not focused on fathers' experiences or intimate partner violence). The synthesis focused on 4 questions: 1) prevalence of posttraumatic symptoms after a traumatic birth, 2) risk factors for posttraumatic stress symptoms, 3) the lived experience of women with symptoms, and 4) interventions that have been tested to decrease posttraumatic symptoms. The quality appraisal rating for the studies could range from 0 to 10 or 12, depending on study type; scores were mostly 9 to 11, with 2 studies rated as 7 and one as 8.There were 19 quantitative studies among 12 different countries examining prevalence and risk factors for posttraumatic stress after traumatic birth, of which 17 studies were among 7206 lower-risk women. It was difficult to identify a prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms because of the Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, Beyster Institute for Nursing Research, University of San Diego, San Diego, California.studies' use of 15 different instruments to measure stress and a wide range of timing of posttraumatic stress assessment, from 24 to 48 hours to 10 years later. Multiple studies in the United States, Belgium, and Japan found rates of around 20% measured at one week to one month postpartum. A smaller number of studies made the diagnosis of PTSD, which ranged between 2.4% at 4 weeks and 17% at 6 weeks postpartum.The pred...

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Behavioral disruption of memory reconsolidation: From bench to bedside and back again.

Cited by 21 publications

References 106 publications

Destabilizing Different Strengths of Fear Memories Requires Different Degrees of Prediction Error During Retrieval

Destabilizing Different Strengths of Fear Memories Requires Different Degrees of Prediction Error During Retrieval

The Way of Learning Preserved in The Structure of Individual Experience Shapes Task-Switching: Implications for Neuroscience and Education

Current Resources for Evidence‐Based Practice, September/October 2019

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