Behavioral effects of prenatally administered smokeless tobacco on rat offspring

Paulson, Ruth B.; Shanfeld, Joseph; Vorhees, Charles V.; Sweazy, Andrea; Gagni, Sigmund; Smith, Andrea R.; Paulson, John

doi:10.1016/0892-0362(93)90014-f

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Other studies have reported inconsistent effects across different measures of activity (Tizabi et al 2000) or postnatal time points (Paulson et al 1994;Schlumpf et al 1988). Many studies have failed to show any significant effect of prenatal nicotine on locomotor activity (Gaworski et al 2004;Martin and Becker 1970;Martin and Martin 1981;Paulson et al 1993;Shacka et al 1997), and some studies reported decreased activity (Peters and Tang 1982;Romero and Chen 2004). The reasons for this marked variability across studies are not clear; differences in the daily nicotine dose, route of administration, strain and sex of the subject, postnatal time point of testing, and testing procedures could all play a role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of maternal intravenous nicotine administration on locomotor behavior in pre-weanling rats

LeSage

Gustaf

Dufek

et al. 2006

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Maternal tobacco use is associated with adverse developmental outcomes in offspring, including hyperactivity. Animal studies attempting to model this phenomenon have primarily used continuous s.c. nicotine infusion as the method of nicotine administration, which does not model the intermittent bolus delivery of nicotine associated with smoking in humans. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine the locomotor activity of pre-weanling offspring of pregnant rats exposed to an i.v. nicotine dosing protocol that approximates the pattern of nicotine exposure in moderate to heavy smokers. Pregnant rats were administered an i.v. bolus of 0.03 mg/kg nicotine (N=13) or saline (N=10) every 14 min for 16 hr/day, resulting in a total daily dose of 2 mg/kg (base), from gestational day 4 to delivery. Pups from each litter were tested for spontaneous locomotor activity on postnatal days (PND) 19-21 and nicotine-induced locomotor activity on PND 22. Mean birth weight was significantly lower in nicotine-exposed pups compared to controls, but body weights were equivalent between groups by the time of behavioral testing. Mean total distance traveled, vertical counts, and stereotypy counts were lower on PND 19 in nicotine-exposed pups compared to controls, but only the difference in mean stereotypy counts was statistically significant. Within session analysis revealed that both distance traveled and stereotypy were significantly decreased in nicotine-exposed pups in the first five minutes of the session on PND 19. Total time spent in the center of the field was also lower in nicotine exposed pups. Nicotine-induced increases in activity on PND 22 did not differ according to gestational exposure. These findings demonstrate that prenatal nicotine exposure in a model that mimics the pattern of nicotine exposure from cigarette smoking in humans results in offspring that exhibit low birth weight and hypoactivity in a novel environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of maternal intravenous nicotine administration on locomotor behavior in pre-weanling rats

LeSage

Gustaf

Dufek

et al. 2006

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…In other words, fetal hypoxia and acidosis, which were observed during maternal administration of nicotine, were the results of the effects of nicotine on the uterine circulation [18,21]. The dose of nicotine treatment used in the present study was similar with those in previous experimental studies from 0.25 to 4 mg/kg of body weight per day and was appropriate to the model smoking during pregnancy [31][32][33]. Our findings of histopathological examination showed more severe injuries in group 3, in which mothers had nicotine administration, than in group 2 which had same hypoxic and cold stress as group 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Does maternal nicotine exposure during gestation increase the injury severity of small intestine in the newborn rats subjected to experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Özkan

Özokutan

İnanç

et al. 2005

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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“…At doses of 3 or 6 mg/kg/day, plasma levels of nicotine can vary by an average factor of 5 (Richardson and Tizabi 1994;Slotkin et al 2007a;Somm et al 2008). In general, at comparable doses, nicotine delivered through drinking water produces maternal plasma values that are lower than those produced by injection or OMP, while oral gavage markedly increases levels (Paulson et al 1993(Paulson et al , 1994.…”

Section: Doses and Maternal Plasma Levelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Table 2 summarizes the results of 56 studies that reported the effects of developmental nicotine exposure on birth weights and somatic development, as well as maternal and gestational variables (all the studies had "body weight" in the abstract or as a key term). Studies that report birth weight after prenatal or pre-and postnatal exposure to nicotine are equally likely to show no differences (Ajarem and Ahmad 1998;Bertolini et al • 1982;Eppolito and Smith 2006;Eppolito et al 2010;Franke et al 2007;Fung 1988;Hamosh et al 1979;Levin 1993;Navarro et al 1989a;Paulson et al 1993;Paz et al 2006;Peters 1984;Peters and Ngan 1982;Peters and Tang 1982;Richardson and Tizabi 1994;Romero and Chen 2004;Segarra and Strand 1989;Sobrian et al 1995Sobrian et al , 2003Somm et al 2008) or lower birth weight (Carmines et al 2003;Cutler et al • 1996;Gaworski et al 2004;Holloway et al 2005;Johns et al 1982;LeSage et al 2006;Martin and Becker 1971;Martin et al 1976;Navarro et al 1989a;Newman et al 1999;Paulson et al 1994;Peters 1984;Peters and Tang 1982;Roy and Sabherwal 1994;Schneider et al 2010;Shacka et al 19...…”

Section: Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The use of both premating and gestational nicotine exposure in drinking water resulted in lower birth weights in four (Peters 1984;Peters and Tang 1982;Schneider et al 2010;Sorenson et al 1991) of fi ve studies (Paz et al 2007). Gavage produced a dose-related reduction in birth weights in two studies that used this method (Paulson et al 1993(Paulson et al , 1994. Exposure of the pregnant dam to either whole body or nose-only cigarette smoke consistently resulted in fetal growth retardation and doserelated decreases in birth weights (Bertolini et al 1982;Carmines et al 2003;Younoszai et al 1969).…”

Section: Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effects of Pre- and Neonatal Nicotine Exposure in Rodents: Inconsistent Evidence

Sobrian¹,

Holson²

2011

ILAR Journal

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This review presents an analysis of the literature on behavioral effects of developmental exposure to nicotine, as assessed in rodent models that mimic the consequences for human offspring of maternal cigarette smoking. Despite the frequency of reports of low birth weight, hyperactivity, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric problems, inconsistencies exist in both the clinical and experimental literature. Confounding socioeconomic and other demographic variables may account for discrepancies in clinical reports, and the choice of developmental exposure period and the method of nicotine administration may explain differences in experimental outcomes. Analysis of a number of variables (e.g., physical, behavioral, and cognitive) shows that fetal exposure to nicotine does not consistently cause growth retardation or decreased birth weight, nor reliably affect motor activity. But combined pre- and neonatal exposure is likely to result in delayed reflex development, global impairments in learning and memory, and an increased incidence of symptoms that model psychiatric illness. There is also support for increased self-administration of nicotine and other drugs of abuse in animals exposed developmentally to nicotine, as well as potent effects on offspring responses to drug challenges. Unlike reports in the clinical literature, sexually dimorphic effects were not evident in most animal models. Possible neuroanatomical and cholinergic mechanisms responsible for behavioral changes are briefly discussed. Statistical and design considerations are provided to increase the translational value of this research and, most importantly, enhance the replicability of reported findings.

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Behavioral effects of prenatally administered smokeless tobacco on rat offspring

Cited by 32 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of maternal intravenous nicotine administration on locomotor behavior in pre-weanling rats

Effects of maternal intravenous nicotine administration on locomotor behavior in pre-weanling rats

Does maternal nicotine exposure during gestation increase the injury severity of small intestine in the newborn rats subjected to experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Effects of Pre- and Neonatal Nicotine Exposure in Rodents: Inconsistent Evidence

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