Behavioral ethics: how psychology influenced economics and how economics might inform psychology?

Irlenbusch, Bernd; Villeval, Marie Claire

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.04.004

Cited by 60 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Corruption and embezzlement deter investment, and therefore hinder growth. 2 For recent surveys on the experimental economic literature on dishonest behavior, see Rosenbaum et al (2014), Irlenbusch and Villeval (2015), and Abeler et al (2016). 3 Studies examining the level of incentives include Fischbacher and Föllmi-Heusi (2013) and Kajackaite and Gneezy (2015).…”

Section: ! Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss Aversion and Lying Behavior: Theory, Estimation and Empirical Evidence

2016

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Loss Aversion and Lying Behavior: Theory, Estimation and Empirical Evidence

2016

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“…honesty | cheating | social decision making | brain stimulation | dorsolateral prefrontal cortex D ishonest behavior is pervasive and carries important economic and societal consequences (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). For example, illegal tax evasion is thought to account for over 5% of the world's gross domestic product (7), and total bribes to public officials are estimated at over US $1 trillion annually (8).…”

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Increasing honesty in humans with noninvasive brain stimulation

Maréchal

Cohn

Ugazio

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Honesty plays a key role in social and economic interactions and is crucial for societal functioning. However, breaches of honesty are pervasive and cause significant societal and economic problems that can affect entire nations. Despite its importance, remarkably little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms supporting honest behavior. We demonstrate that honesty can be increased in humans with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Participants (n = 145) completed a die-rolling task where they could misreport their outcomes to increase their earnings, thereby pitting honest behavior against personal financial gain. Cheating was substantial in a control condition but decreased dramatically when neural excitability was enhanced with tDCS. This increase in honesty could not be explained by changes in material self-interest or moral beliefs and was dissociated from participants' impulsivity, willingness to take risks, and mood. A follow-up experiment (n = 156) showed that tDCS only reduced cheating when dishonest behavior benefited the participants themselves rather than another person, suggesting that the stimulated neural process specifically resolves conflicts between honesty and material self-interest. Our results demonstrate that honesty can be strengthened by noninvasive interventions and concur with theories proposing that the human brain has evolved mechanisms dedicated to control complex social behaviors.honesty | cheating | social decision making | brain stimulation | dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

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“…In particular, they have revealed a large diversity in the attitudes towards cheating, showing that the decision to engage or not in fraud does not result only from an evaluation of benefits and costs (e.g., Erat and Gneezy, 2012;Fischbacher and Föllmi-Heusi, 2013;Gibson et al, 2013;Abeler et al, 2014). 2 However, although the advantages of using the laboratory to study dishonesty are many, one potential limitation arises from the fact that this setting is highly artificial and the results 1 Irlenbusch and Villeval (2015) review almost 60 articles related to dishonesty published in economic journals between 2012 and early 2015. Of course, there is an older experimental literature on tax evasion (for a review, see Torgler, 2007) and cheap talk games with strategic information transmission (e.g., Crawford andSobel, 1982, Gneezy, 2005;Sutter, 2009) or promises about future behavior (e.g., Charness and Dufwenberg, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cheating in the Lab Predicts Fraud in the Field - An Experiment in Public Transportations

2016

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S Cheating in the Lab Predicts Fraud in the Field: An Experiment in Public TransportationsIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. We conduct an artefactual field experiment using a diversified sample of passengers of public transportations to study attitudes towards dishonesty. We find that the diversity of behavior in terms of dis/honesty in laboratory tasks and in the field correlate. Moreover, individuals who have just been fined in the field behave more honestly in the lab than the other fare-dodgers, except when context is introduced. Overall, we show that simple tests of dishonesty in the lab can predict moral firmness in life, although frauders who care about social image cheat less when behavior can be verified ex post by the experimenter.JEL Classification: B41, C91, C93, K42

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Behavioral ethics: how psychology influenced economics and how economics might inform psychology?

Cited by 60 publications

References 79 publications

Loss Aversion and Lying Behavior: Theory, Estimation and Empirical Evidence

Loss Aversion and Lying Behavior: Theory, Estimation and Empirical Evidence

Increasing honesty in humans with noninvasive brain stimulation

Cheating in the Lab Predicts Fraud in the Field - An Experiment in Public Transportations

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