Behavioral impulsivity paradigms: a comparison in hospitalized adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders

Dougherty, Donald M.; Bjork, James M.; Harper, R. Andrew; Marsh, Dawn M.; Moeller, F. Gerard; Mathias, Charles W.; Swann, Alan C.

doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00197

Cited by 147 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…To allow comparison on a common scale and prevent domination of variables with large values (i.e., SKIP task), variables were converted to standardized scores (similar to the procedure used in Dougherty et al, 2003b) calculated in two steps. First, a difference score variable was created for each of the active alcohol dose conditions by subtracting the placebo performance data from the peak performance data for each task.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A test of alcohol dose effects on multiple behavioral measures of impulsivity

Dougherty

Marsh-Richard

Hatzis

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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159

125

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Background-Acute alcohol administration affects impulsive behavior, although these effects vary as a function of alcohol dose, assessment instrument, and time of measurement following administration.Methods-We concurrently examined the dose-dependent effects of alcohol on three distinct types of impulsivity tasks (continuous performance [IMT], stop-signal [GoStop], and delay-discounting [SKIP] tasks). Ninety healthy alcohol drinkers were assigned to one of the three task groups (n = 30 each), each group experienced placebo, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 g/kg alcohol doses across 5 experimental days, and task performance was assessed at 0.5 h before and 0.25, 1.0, and 2.0 h after alcohol administration. We hypothesized that impulsive responding on all tasks would be increased by acute alcohol administration both across time and during the peak BrAC, but the magnitude would depend on the task being tested. Analyses included the time-course and the peak BrAC effects. Task comparisons of peak behavioral changes following each dose are illustrated using standardized scores.Results-While alcohol consumption increased impulsive responding during all three tasks to some extent, our hypothesis was only partially supported. During the IMT, the 0.6 and 0.8 g/kg doses produced increased impulsive responding across time and at the peak BrAC. However, during the GoStop and SKIP, impulsivity increased across time regardless of the alcohol dose size, with no differences in impulsive responding among dose conditions at peak BrAC.Conclusions-This study demonstrated alcohol-induced changes in impulsivity are not uniformly affected by alcohol. These data, in conjunction with previous studies, further support that impulsivity is not a unitary construct.

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Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A test of alcohol dose effects on multiple behavioral measures of impulsivity

Dougherty

Marsh-Richard

Hatzis

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Self Cite

159

125

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“…Studies have found elevated response initiation impulsivity in adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (Dougherty et al, 2003a(Dougherty et al, , 2003b(Dougherty et al, , 2007, and in adults with a childhood history of Conduct Disorder (Dougherty et al, 2000). These measures may also be sensitive to individual …”

Section: Response Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conduct Disorder is one of the disorders where impulsivity is especially prominent and severe (Gorenstein & Newman, 1980;Milich & Kramer, 1984;Moeller et al, 2001). Studies have shown how self-reported and behavioral impulsivity are increased among those with CD (Daderman, 1999;Dougherty et al, 2003aDougherty et al, , 2003bTranah, Harnett, & Yule, 1998). In the current study, we were interested in examining performance on the different behavioral measures of impulsivity and how this performance might vary as a function of age of CD onset.…”

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confidence: 99%

Behavioral measures of impulsivity and the law

Mathias

Marsh-Richard

Dougherty

2008

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The General Theory of Crime proposes that crime is explained by the combination of situational opportunity and lack of self-control. Impulsivity is one of the important components of selfcontrol. Because behavioral measures of impulsivity are becoming more commonly utilized to assess forensic populations, this manuscript provides an overview of three current behavioral measures. In doing so, an example of their application is provided using a group of individuals likely to come into contact with the legal system: adolescents with Conduct Disorder. Earlier age of onset of Conduct Disorder symptoms has been shown to be an important predictor of the persistence of poor outcomes into adulthood including participation in criminal activities. This study found differential behavioral profiles across distinct measures of impulsivity by those with childhood-versus adolescent-onset Conduct Disorder. Legal implications for defining behavioral deficits using behavioral measures of impulsivity and their current limitations are discussed. KeywordsImpulsivity; Conduct Disorder; Adolescence; Continuous Performance Task; Stop Task; Delay DiscountingThere is no such crime as a crime of thought; there are only crimes of actioñ Clarence DarrowTypically it is not an individual's goal to become incarcerated or otherwise experience consequences from the law, yet so frequently people behave in a manner that will most certainly lead to this outcome. Consider the case of Mr. A.W. who, in December 2007, was arrested after stealing a woman's Honda Accord in Durham, NC. Although auto theft is not rare, what is remarkable about the crime is that the theft occurred while the woman had just stepped out of her car to speak with police officers at an active crime scene that was being filmed by a crew from the local ABC news affiliate (WTVD, 2007). While this situation presented some opportunity for crime (the door was left open with the key in the ignition) it also included very clear deterrents (presence of police and being filmed). The failure of these deterrents to prevent this crime demonstrates that this individual observed the opportunity for immediate gain within this situation, yet lacked the ability to inhibit behavior despite the strong likelihood of negative consequences. This combination of opportunity and lack of control plays an important role in explaining criminal activity. In fact, the General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) proposes that all crime can be explained by the combination of situational opportunity and lack of self-control of the The following is an overview of some of the current approaches to behavioral impulsivity assessment that will provide a basis for understanding the potential utility of these types of instruments for informing the legal process. NIH Public Access Utility of Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity for Informing the Legal ProcessThere are a variety of aspects of the law in which impulsivity assessment may play a role, ranging from criminal culpability and sentencing, to requi...

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“…13 Precise behaviours that are considered impulsive are very diverse, but they can be categorized into two main aspects of impulsivity: reward-related impulsivity (sensitivity to reward/inability to delay reward) and insufficient inhibitory control over behaviour (the possibility to overrule automatic intentions to respond to stimuli). 13,14 Both impulsive aspects have been linked to obesity. For instance, obese children are more sensitive to reward compared with lean children: they keep gambling for a given reward, even when the chances of winning decrease and stopping would lead to greater gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, obese children are more sensitive to reward compared with lean children: they keep gambling for a given reward, even when the chances of winning decrease and stopping would lead to greater gain. 14 Earlier research showed that obese children have an intolerance for delay of gratification. 15 Sensitivity to reward was also found to be related to craving for food and BMI in a female sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactive effect of hunger and impulsivity on food intake and purchase in a virtual supermarket

et al. 2009

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Objective: It has been shown repeatedly that impulsivity, obesity and food intake are related; obese people are more impulsive than lean people and impulsive people eat more than less impulsive people. The relation between impulsivity and food intake might be state dependent; hunger motivates food seeking behaviour and food consumption, especially of high caloric food. Difficulties to overrule automatic behavioural tendencies might make impulsive people more susceptible to the effects of hunger on food selection. Therefore, they are expected to increase their intake more than low impulsive people when feeling hungry. Study 1: Fifty-seven female participants were randomly assigned to a hunger or sated condition. Response inhibition (a measure of impulsivity) and food intake were measured. Results show that impulsive participants ate significantly more, but only when feeling hungry. Study 2: Ninety-four undergraduate students participated. Hunger, response inhibition and the purchase of food in a virtual supermarket were measured. The same interaction was found: impulsive participants bought most calories, especially from snack food, but only when feeling hungry. Conclusion: Hunger and impulsivity interact in their influence on consumption. These data suggest that reducing hunger during calorie restricting diets is important for successful weight loss, particularly for the impulsive dieters.

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Behavioral impulsivity paradigms: a comparison in hospitalized adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders

Cited by 147 publications

References 66 publications

A test of alcohol dose effects on multiple behavioral measures of impulsivity

A test of alcohol dose effects on multiple behavioral measures of impulsivity

Behavioral measures of impulsivity and the law

The interactive effect of hunger and impulsivity on food intake and purchase in a virtual supermarket

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