Behavioral Measures of Temporal Processing and Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Users

Blankenship, Chelsea M.; Zhang, Fawen; Keith, Robert W.

doi:10.3766/jaaa.15026

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The resulting temporal task is to detect discontinuity of the sound within a single channel i.e., neural activity to pre-gap marker offset compared to neural activity to post-gap marker onset. Within-frequency gap detection thresholds (GDTs) for normal hearing (NH) listeners are typically around 5 ms or less under optimal conditions, e.g., sinusoidal stimuli, long marker durations, and supra-threshold presentation levels (Blankenship et al 2016; Eddins et al 1992; Heinrich and Schneider 2006; Oxenham 2000; Penner 1977; Phillips et al 1998; Plomp 1964). By using pure-tones or narrowband noise, the frequency of the pre- and post-gap acoustic markers can be varied so that they are spectrally distinct, resulting in an across-frequency gap detection paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a limited number of studies have been completed with across-frequency paradigms, and most were completed with NH participants. Cochlear implant (CI) recipients typically display poorer temporal processing skills, which has been associated with poorer speech outcomes post-implantation (Blankenship et al 2016; Busby and Clark 1999; Muchnik et al 1994; Sagi et al 2009). Therefore, due to the importance of temporal resolution and the similarities between across-frequency gap detection and natural speech, it is reasonable to assume that deficits in across-frequency temporal processing result in poorer speech outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Across-Frequency Temporal Processing and Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients and Normal Hearing Listeners

Blankenship¹,

Meinzen‐Derr²,

Zhang³

2020

Preprint

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Objective: Individual differences in temporal processing contributes strongly to the large variability in speech recognition performance observed among cochlear implant (CI) recipients. Temporal processing is traditionally measured using a behavioral gap detection task, and therefore, it can be challenging or infeasible to obtain reliable responses from young children and individuals with disabilities. Within-frequency gap detection (pre- and post-gap markers are identical in frequency) is more common, yet across-frequency gap detection (pre- and post-gap markers are spectrally distinct), is thought to be more important for speech perception because the phonemes that proceed and follow the rapid temporal cues are rarely identical in frequency. However, limited studies have examined across-frequency temporal processing in CI recipients. None of which have included across-frequency cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP), nor was the correlation between across-frequency gap detection and speech perception examined. The purpose of the study is to evaluate behavioral and electrophysiological measures of across-frequency temporal processing and speech recognition in normal hearing (NH) and CI recipients. Design: Eleven post-lingually deafened adult CI recipients (n = 15 ears, mean age = 50.4 yrs.) and eleven age- and gender-matched NH individuals participated (n = 15 ears; mean age = 49.0 yrs.). Speech perception was evaluated using the Minimum Speech Test Battery for Adult Cochlear Implant Users (CNC, AzBio, BKB-SIN). Across-frequency behavioral gap detection thresholds (GDT; 2 kHz to 1 kHz post-gap tone) were measured using an adaptive, two-alternative, forced-choice paradigm. Across-frequency CAEPs were measured using four gap duration conditions; supra-threshold (behavioral GDT x 3), threshold (behavioral GDT), sub-threshold (behavioral GDT/3), and reference (no gap) condition. Group differences in behavioral GDTs, and CAEP amplitude and latency were evaluated using multiple mixed effects models. Bivariate and multivariate canonical correlation analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the CAEP amplitude and latency, behavioral GDTs, and speech perception. Results: A significant effect of participant group was not observed for across-frequency GDTs, instead older participants (> 50 yrs.) displayed larger GDTs than younger participants. CI recipients displayed increased P1 and N1 latency compared to NH participants and older participants displayed delayed N1 and P2 latency compared to younger adults. Bivariate correlation analysis between behavioral GDTs and speech perception measures were not significant (p > 0.01). Across-frequency canonical correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between CAEP reference condition and behavioral measures of speech perception and temporal processing. Conclusions: CI recipients show similar across-frequency temporal GDTs compared to NH participants, however older participants (> 50 yrs.) displayed poorer temporal processing (larger GDTs) compared to younger participants. CI recipients and older participants displayed less efficient neural processing of the acoustic stimulus and slower transmission to the auditory cortex. An effect of gap duration on CAEP amplitude or latency was not observed. Canonical correlation analysis suggests better cortical detection of frequency changes is correlated with better word and sentence understanding in quiet and noise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Across-Frequency Temporal Processing and Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients and Normal Hearing Listeners

Blankenship¹,

Meinzen‐Derr²,

Zhang³

2020

Preprint

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“…With regard to speech perception, the ability to precisely segregate acoustic information is critical for accurate perception of phonemes which then build to form syllables, words, and sentences (Mauk and Buonomano 2004). Individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) often display poorer temporal processing skills compared to normal hearing (NH) individuals (Blankenship et al 2016; Muchnik et al 1994; Tyler et al 1989). Given the importance of temporal resolution in auditory perception and overall speech understanding, it is reasonable to anticipate that deficits in temporal processing will be associated with poorer speech and language outcomes after implantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In NH listeners, within-frequency GDTs have been reported as low as 2-3 ms (Blankenship et al 2016; Eddins et al 1992; Heinrich and Schneider 2006; Phillips et al 1998; Plomp 1964). In contrast, CI recipients display a wide range of GDTs with some individuals performing comparable to their NH peers (Bierer et al 2015; Shannon 1989) and others displaying much larger GDTs (Blankenship et al 2016; Tyler et al 1989; Wei et al 2007). Tyler et al (1989) reported GDTs in CI recipients that ranged from 7.5 to 200 ms and noted that CI recipients with smaller GDTs (< 40 ms) displayed better speech recognition abilities and environmental awareness than individuals with larger GDTs (> 40 ms).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-Frequency Temporal Processing and Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients and Normal Hearing Listeners

Blankenship

Meinzen‐Derr

Zhang

2020

Preprint

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Objective: Speech recognition performance among cochlear implant (CI) recipients is highly variable and is influenced by their ability to perceive rapid changes within the acoustic signal (i.e., temporal resolution). A behavioral gap detection test is commonly used to assess temporal processing however it requires active participation, and therefore may be infeasible for young children and individuals with disabilities. Alternatively, cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) can be elicited by a silent gap embedded in a longer duration stimulus and have been used as an objective measure of temporal resolution. Only a few studies have examined within-frequency gap detection (identical pre- and post-gap frequency), most of which were conducted with normal hearing (NH) individuals and did not include speech perception. The purpose of the study is to evaluate behavioral and electrophysiological measures of within-frequency temporal processing and speech perception in NH and CI recipients. Design: Eleven post-lingually deafened adult CI recipients (n = 15 ears; mean age = 50.4 yrs.) and eleven age- and gender-matched NH individuals (n = 15 ears; mean age = 49.0 yrs.) were recruited. Speech perception was assessed with the CNC word test, AzBio sentence test, and BKB Speech-in-Noise test. Within-frequency (2 kHz pre- and post-gap tone) behavioral gap detection thresholds (GDT) were measured using an adaptive, two-alternative, forced-choice paradigm. Within-frequency CAEPs were measured using four gap duration conditions based on the individual's behavioral GDT including a supra-threshold (GDTx3), threshold (GDT), sub-threshold (GDT/3), and reference (no gap) condition. Mixed effect models examined group differences in speech perception, behavioral GDTs, and CAEP amplitude and latency. Correlation analyses examined the relationship between the CAEP response, behavioral measures of speech perception and temporal processing, and demographic factors. Results: CI recipients had significantly poorer speech perception scores with no significant differences in behavioral within-frequency GDTs compared to NH participants. CI recipients had poorer CAEP waveform morphology, smaller N1, larger P2 amplitude, and increased P1 latency compared to NH participants. Additionally, older participants displayed smaller N1-P2 amplitude compared to younger participants. Bivariate group correlation analysis showed that individuals with poorer within-frequency GDTs displayed significantly poorer performance on the AzBio sentences in noise and BKB Speech-in-Noise test. Multivariate canonical correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between the within-frequency CAEP amplitude and latency and behavioral measures of speech perception and temporal processing. Conclusions: CI recipients had poorer speech understanding in quiet and noise yet similar behavioral GDTs compared to NH participants. NH participants showed the anticipated trend of increased N1-P2 amplitude as CAEP gap duration increased. However, CAEP amplitude and latency remained relatively stable across gap duration conditions for CI recipients. Instead, significant group and age effects for CAEP peak amplitude and latency were found that can likely be attributed to differences in cortical neuron density, adaptation, and recovery between the groups. Lastly correlation analysis indicates that individuals with poorer temporal processing are likely to have adequate speech perception in quiet but worse speech understanding in noise.

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“…Alguns estudos analisaram o processamento auditivo temporal em indivíduos com perda auditiva (Liporaci 2009, Matos 2010, com próteses auditivas convencionais (Ferreira et al, 2008;Pinheiro et al, 2012, Viacelli et al, 2016 ou com implante coclear (Campos et al, 2008;Sagi et al, 2010;Sharma e Yadav, 2015;Pham et al, 2015;Duarte et al, 2016;Blankenship et al, 2016;Lima, 2017) e também em casos de surdez unilateral (Nishihata et al, 2012;Matos e Frota, 2013b;Mishra et al, 2015;Santos, 2016) apresentando resultados diversos em seus achados, e em sua maioria piores quando comparados aos ouvintes. Edwards (2003) O estudo dos modelos auditivos centrais em indivíduos implantados e com surdez unilateral, e sua possível relação com as dificuldades (sua auto percepção) no reconhecimento de fala na presença de ruído poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias tanto tecnológicas como de reabilitação para a otimização da compreensão da fala em condições de escuta desfavoráveis nos indivíduos com entrada sensorial auditiva monoaural.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Habilidades auditivas em indivíduos com entrada auditiva monoaural: aspectos temporais do processamento auditivo e reconhecimento de fala

Rodrigues¹

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Behavioral Measures of Temporal Processing and Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Users

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Across-Frequency Temporal Processing and Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients and Normal Hearing Listeners

Across-Frequency Temporal Processing and Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients and Normal Hearing Listeners

Within-Frequency Temporal Processing and Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients and Normal Hearing Listeners

Habilidades auditivas em indivíduos com entrada auditiva monoaural: aspectos temporais do processamento auditivo e reconhecimento de fala

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