Behavioral methods to study anxiety in rodents

Lezak, Kimberly R.; Missig, Galen; Carlezon, William A.

doi:10.31887/dcns.2017.19.2/wcarlezon

Cited by 235 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…A three-chamber test was performed to evaluate social behavior ( Fig 5 ). In the sociability stage, mice usually choose to stay with a social target rather than a non-social target [ 52 ]. In CD157 KO mice ( Fig 5A ), two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of age (F (1,22) = 10.19, p = 0.0042), effect of object (F (1,22) = 10.38, p = 0.0039) and age × object interaction (F (1,22) = 9.097, p = 0.0064).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct physical condition and social behavior phenotypes of CD157 and CD38 knockout mice during aging

et al. 2020

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The ability of CD38 and CD157 to utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has received much attention because the aging-induced elevation of CD38 expression plays a role in the senescence-related decline in NAD levels. Therefore, it is of interest to examine and compare the effects of age-associated changes on the general health and brain function impairment of Cd157 and Cd38 knockout (CD157 KO and CD38 KO) mice. The body weight and behaviors were measured in 8-week-old (young adult) or 12-month-old (middle-aged) male mice of both KO strains. The locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and social behavior of the mice were measured in the open field and three-chamber tests. The middle-aged CD157 KO male mice gained more body weight than young adult KO mice, while little or no body weight gain was observed in the middle-aged CD38 KO mice. Middle-aged CD157 KO mice displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased sociability and interaction compared with young adult KO mice. Middle-aged CD38 KO mice showed less anxiety and hyperactivity than CD157 KO mice, similar to young adult CD38 KO mice. The results reveal marked age-dependent changes in male CD157 KO mice but not in male CD38 KO mice. We discuss the distinct differences in aging effects from the perspective of inhibition of NAD metabolism in CD157 and CD38 KO mice, which may contribute to differential behavioral changes during aging.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct physical condition and social behavior phenotypes of CD157 and CD38 knockout mice during aging

et al. 2020

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“…Voluntary activity was recorded with the use of the analysis software (ART, Transoma ) for the two-hour period post-stress. This variable provides a measure of continuing anxiety and is used as a marker of post-stress adaptation [ 6 ]. We report the total number of motion counts calculated by the analysis software, derived from strength variations in the telemetry signal in relation to animal location.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we examined sympathetic and vagal responses during acute unpredictable stress in rats, elicited by the successive use of restraint and air-jet stress. During an extended observational period post-stress, we also monitored voluntary activity, as an index of continuing anxiety [ 6 ]. Autonomic responses during and after stress were assessed by means of heart rate variability (HRV), derived from continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic and Vagal Responses Elicited by Acute Stress in Rats

Mouchtouri¹,

Lekkas²,

Delis³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Introduction Acute emotional stress triggers autonomic responses that affect sympathovagal balance. However, the temporal pattern of changes in each autonomic arm during stress and recovery remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed separately sympathetic and vagal activity, elicited by acute unpredictable stress in a rat model. Methods Continuous electrocardiographic recording was performed during (32 minutes) and after (two hours) successive use of restraint and air-jet stress in 10 rats, whereas five rats served as controls. Sympathetic and vagal indices were calculated non-invasively after heart rate variability analysis. Voluntary motion was quantified during recovery, as an index of continuing anxiety. Results The sympathetic nervous system index increased during stress and remained elevated during the initial stage of recovery. The parasympathetic nervous system index decreased immediately after the onset of stress and remained low throughout the observational period. During recovery, voluntary activity was more pronounced in the stress group than in the controls. Conclusion Successive restraint and air-jet stress in rats increased sympathetic activity and decreased vagal activity. These changes displayed only partial recovery post-stress and were accompanied by enhanced voluntary motion. Our findings may be important in the evaluation of the cardiac electrophysiologic implications of autonomic changes elicited by acute emotional stress.

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“…Elevated plus maze assessed basal anxiety by measuring the intrinsic response of mice to avoid the open arms of a behavioral apparatus ( Walf and Frye, 2007 ; Goodwill et al., 2019 ). Acoustic Startle Response measured fear-potentiated anxiety by measuring the response of a mouse to differing intensity sounds ( Grillon et al., 2017 ; Lezak et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Behavioral Deficits and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Co-Morbid Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2020

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Comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder with traumatic brain injury (TBI) produce more severe affective and cognitive deficits than PTSD or TBI alone. Both PTSD and TBI produce long-lasting neuroinflammation, which may be a key underlying mechanism of the deficits observed in co-morbid TBI/PTSD. We developed a model of co-morbid TBI/PTSD by combining the closed head (CHI) model of TBI with the chronic variable stress (CVS) model of PTSD and examined multiple behavioral and neuroinflammatory outcomes. Male C57/Bl6 mice received sham treatment, CHI, CVS, CHI then CVS (CHI → CVS) or CVS then CHI (CVS → CHI). The CVS → CHI group had deficits in Barnes maze or active place avoidance not seen in the other groups. The CVS → CHI, CVS and CHI → CVS groups displayed increased basal anxiety level, based on performance on elevated plus maze. The CVS → CHI had impaired performance on Barnes Maze, and Active Place Avoidance. These performance deficits were strongly correlated with increased hippocampal Iba-1 level an indication of activated MP/MG. These data suggest that greater cognitive deficits in the CVS → CHI group were due to increased inflammation. The increased deficits and neuroinflammation in the CVS → CHI group suggest that the order by which a subject experiences TBI and PTSD is a major determinant of the outcome of brain injury in co-morbid TBI/PTSD.

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Behavioral methods to study anxiety in rodents

Cited by 235 publications

References 99 publications

Distinct physical condition and social behavior phenotypes of CD157 and CD38 knockout mice during aging

Distinct physical condition and social behavior phenotypes of CD157 and CD38 knockout mice during aging

Sympathetic and Vagal Responses Elicited by Acute Stress in Rats

Increased Behavioral Deficits and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Co-Morbid Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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