Behavioral patterns of Aplysia fasciata along the Mediterranean Coast of Israel

Susswein, Abraham J.; Gev, S.; Achituv, Y.; Markovich, Sylvia

doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(84)90667-8

Cited by 68 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Although the buccal mass of Pleurobranchaea has been reported to be involved in gill grooming (McClellan, 1982) we have never observed gill grooming in Aplysia, either in laboratory tanks or in field studies in California (Kupfermann and Carew, 1974) and Israel (Susswein et al, 1984b, A. J. Susswein and I. Kupfermann, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Behaviors Involving the Buccal Mass Of Aplysiamentioning

confidence: 59%

Activity of an identified histaminergic neuron, and its possible role in arousal of feeding behavior in semi-intact Aplysia

et al. 1986

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The possible functions of histaminergic neuron C2 were studied in an isolated head preparation from which it was possible to obtain intracellular recordings while the buccal mass exhibited feeding-like responses. Application of food to the lips of the isolated head preparation elicited rhythmic buccal movements that appeared to be ingestion responses, since they moved seaweed into the buccal cavity and towards the esophagus, and their frequency and regularity was similar to the ingestion responses studied in a group of intact animals. The ingestion responses of the buccal mass consisted of 2 main phases of movement of the radula from a middle rest position: forward and return to rest, and backward and return to rest. The relative magnitudes and timing of these 2 phases were variable. Intracellular recordings from C2 in the isolated head revealed that C2 is silent when the buccal mass is quiescent, but that it can be excited into spike activity, either by mechanical stimulation of the perioral zone or by chemostimulation that results in rhythmic movement. C2 fires a burst of spikes in phase with each protraction-retraction cycle, and, if the movements continue, C2 fires even when the eliciting stimulus has been removed. Activity of the cell was usually preceded by fast depolarizing responses that appeared to be blocked axon spikes. The evidence suggests that C2 is part of a positive feedback loop that may help maintain the persistence of arousal of feeding behavior beyond the time that food stimuli are removed.

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Section: Behaviors Involving the Buccal Mass Of Aplysiamentioning

confidence: 59%

Activity of an identified histaminergic neuron, and its possible role in arousal of feeding behavior in semi-intact Aplysia

et al. 1986

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“…(6) During the consummatory phase of feeding behavior, there may be small rhythmic movements of the neck during repetitive biting movements. Neck movements also occur during reproductive mating behavior (Susswein et al, 1984;Ferguson et al, 1989;Bernheim and Mayeri, 1995) and phototactic responses (Kuenzi and Carew, 1991), but we have not examined the role of CC5 during these responses.…”

Section: Combinatorial Codes During Multiple Behaviors In Which Cc5 Amentioning

confidence: 96%

An Identified Interneuron Contributes to Aspects of Six Different Behaviors inAplysia

1996

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Previous results have indicated that the bilateral cerebral interneuron CC5 mediates the pedal artery shortening that is a component of defensive withdrawal responses involving the head. Current studies suggest that CC5 contributes to aspects of at least six different behaviors: locomotion, head turning, defensive head withdrawal, local tentacular withdrawal, rhythmic feeding, and head lifting. In addition to receiving input from mechanoreceptors in the head, CC5 receives synaptic input during fictive locomotor and feeding programs. Firing of CC5 produces widespread monosynaptic or polysynaptic actions in all ganglia in the animal. CC5 excites presumptive motor neurons for the neck, and its activity can contract neck muscles. The pedal artery shortener motor neuron (PAS), a key excitatory follower cell of CC5, fires during ipsilateral head turning, head withdrawal, tentacle withdrawal, feeding, and locomotion. For all behaviors, except locomotion and biting, responses of PAS were eliminated by cutting the ipsilateral-pleural connective, which interrupts the only direct connection of CC5 to the ipsilateral PAS. The data suggest that CC5 is a multifunctional interneuron that plays different roles during different behaviors. The neuron appears to be involved in producing coordinated movements of the head, involving both somatic and visceral muscles. For some behaviors, or for certain aspects of behaviors, CC5 appears to act as an individual command-like neuron; for other behaviors, CC5 appears to act more as an element of a distributed circuit and is neither necessary nor sufficient for any aspects of the behavior. Key words: command; withdrawal reflex; Aplysia; mechanosensory; feeding; head turning; locomotionAn important conceptual issue in understanding the organization of the nervous system relates to how information is represented. To what extent is information encoded by the activity of individual neurons that perform dedicated functions using local-coding or are neurons always a part of distributed networks using vector coding in which their functional roles are determined by the activity of other neurons in the network (Barlow, 1972;Churchland and Sejnowski, 1992;Morton and Chiel, 1994)? A related question is whether neurons are multifunctional, and growing evidence suggests that indeed multifunctional neurons may be commonly used by the nervous system (Hooper and Moulins, 1989;Lockery and Kristan, 1990;Fetz, 1992;Meyrand et al., 1994;Wu et al., 1994). What is unclear is how the activity of multifunctional neurons is translated into behavior and whether multifunctional neurons can serve different roles for different behaviors. In a companion paper, we describe an identified interneuron, CC5, that appears to be necessary and sufficient for the arterial artery shortening component of a local withdrawal response (Xin et al., 1996) (see also Skelton and Koester, 1992). In the present paper, we describe data that indicate CC5 is engaged in multiple behaviors, all of which involve movements of the neck of the ani...

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“…The limitation of mobility of individuals due to copulatory load may affect their subsequent mating opportunity as males. Since in Ap(ysia it is generally the future "male" that approaches its prospective partner (Leonard & Lukowiak, 1983;Susswein et al, 1984;Carefoot, 1987;Pennings, 1991 ), less mobile female-acting individuals may be less successful in acting as males to obtain preferable female partners than single ones. Two pieces of evidence showing this expectation were obtained in this population: ( 1) female-acting individuals mated with smaller female partners relative to themselves, compared with single individuals (Table 2; P=0.020; Mann-Whitney U-test); (2) they did not choose large female partners from available candidates (individuals within 1.5 m that were not already copulating as females) while single ones did (Yusa, pers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copulatory Load in a Simultaneous Hermaphrodite Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937 (Mollusca : Opisthobranchia)

Yusa¹

1993

Publ. SMBL

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Behavioral patterns of Aplysia fasciata along the Mediterranean Coast of Israel

Cited by 68 publications

References 37 publications

Activity of an identified histaminergic neuron, and its possible role in arousal of feeding behavior in semi-intact Aplysia

Activity of an identified histaminergic neuron, and its possible role in arousal of feeding behavior in semi-intact Aplysia

An Identified Interneuron Contributes to Aspects of Six Different Behaviors inAplysia

Copulatory Load in a Simultaneous Hermaphrodite Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937 (Mollusca : Opisthobranchia)

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