Behavioral, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Goats to Temperature, 0° to 40° C.

Appleman, Robert D.; Delouche, James C.

doi:10.2527/jas1958.172326x

Cited by 73 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…According to Quittet (1978), food intake on rainy days or days with strong heat can be null. Appleman and Delouche (1958) reported that goats presented maximal intake at 0° to 10°C, gradually decreasing as temperature increased up to 40°C. Year-season effect affected milk production, which was observed in tropical native breeds and subtropical in their origin countries (Singh et al, 1970;Prakash et al, 1971;Barhat and Chowdhary, 1978;Mavrogenis et al, 1984), in specialized goats in the United States (Alderson and Pollak, 1980) and native, exotic goats and their crossbreds, in a total of 16 genetic groupings in Mexico (Montaldo et al, 1981).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental factors that influence production and quality of milk of Alpine and Saanen goats

Brito

Silva²,

Melo³

et al. 2011

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Data from 1279 lactations of 783 Alpine and Saanen goats of the herd of our university in Minas Gerais, Brazil, were used to study environmental effects on and to estimate genetic parameters for milk production until 270 days of lactation (MP270) and for production and percentages of fat (PFAT and %FAT), protein (PPROT and %PROT), lactose (PLACT and %LACT), and total dry extract (PEXTR and %EXTR). Environmental effects were estimated by a statistical model that included contemporary group effect, type of kidding, genetic grouping, and kidding order. A multi-trait animal model with animal and permanent environment random effects was used to estimate genetic parameters and the significant environmental effects (fixed). Contemporary group influenced all traits; genetic grouping did not influence %LACT; type of kidding did not influence PFAT, %PROT or %LACT, and kidding order did not influence %FAT or %EXTR. Estimates of genetic correlations among MP270 and production of milk constituents were positive and high, but correlations between MP270 and %FAT, MP270 and %PROT, MP270 and %ESTR were moderate and negative. These heritability estimates show that satisfactory genetic gains can be obtained by selection, especially for milk constituents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental factors that influence production and quality of milk of Alpine and Saanen goats

Brito

Silva²,

Melo³

et al. 2011

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…There was a significant increase in WBC count in infected sheep compared to uninfected ones. In uninfected sheep, the decrease in Hb concentration in the summer may be due to increase in ambient temperature and haemodilution as has been reported in the literature [30][31][32] . The decline in Hb concentration may also be attributed to depression of thyroid secretion, which in turn is associated with decreased erythropoises.…”

Section: Gender-wise Prevalencementioning

confidence: 74%

Association between Epidemiology and Haematophagous Behaviour of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> and <i>Ostertagia ostertagi</i> Infecting Sheep of Kashmir Valley, India

et al. 2017

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Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi are predominantly sheep parasites and majority of the pathological effects they cause are due to their bloodfeeding behaviour. This study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of these two parasites in sheep of Kashmir Valley, India and to determine effect on haematological parameters of sheep. H. contortus was more prevalent than O. ostertagi; the infection was found to be higher in summer, lower age groups and males. As far as the effect on haematology is concerned, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and red blood cell count showed significant decrease and white blood cell count showed significant increase in case of infected sheep.Keywords: Epidemiology, Haemonchus contortus, haematophagous behaviour, Ostertagia ostertagi, sheep.PARASITISM is considered as the most challenging problem to livestock industries with an approximate loss of £1000 million per annum 1 . Parasites acquire their food from their hosts, causing poor health and stress in the host organism that leads to an increased vulnerability to other diseases. The widespread emergence of anthelminticresistant strains of the highly pathogenic parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus and other economically important parasites has resulted in the need to develop unconventional control strategies 2 . H. contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi are mostly pathogenic to sheep and cause effects ranging from mild anaemia to mortality in young animals because of their blood-feeding behaviour. Very little work has been carried out on their possible control in the Kashmir Valley, India. During recent times, studies has been carried out on the anthelmintic resistance shown by different kinds of parasites besides the antiparasitic efficacy of herbs and other important plants 3,4 . This has led to attempts to better understand the biology of these parasites because of the growing concern of residual chemicals in the environment and food chain. Several inter-related disciplines are needed for the efficient control of these parasites. There is an immediate need for basic parasitological techniques to be employed and this ultimately will enable the maintenance of parasite cultures.The anti-parasitic market has been among the fastgrowing sectors of the overall US$ 18 billion animal health market during the last decade. There is a rising interest in the development of safe and successful control strategies because the drugs for the treatment of parasites of livestock continue to dominate this sector because of consumer demands for chemical-free food 5 . Besides the parasitic infections which have been shown to cause direct economic losses due to reduced animal production, one more dimension is added by the fact that numerous parasitic infections can be transmitted to humans by the phenomenon of zoonoses. An effective control of parasitic diseases is dependent mainly on available information on local conditions and the strength of additional services that transform this knowledge to the farmer. A thorough study on ...

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“…When radiant heat load is high, evaporative water loss, both cutaneous and respiratory, may be required to maintain thermal balance. In goats and sheep, cutaneous evaporation (Robertshaw, 1968;Hofmeyr et al, 1969) and respiration rate increased after shearing (Appleman and Delouche, 1958;MacFarlane et al, 1958 and1966;Parer, 1963). Extra evaporation demands more body water and the water turnover rates of Merino sheep nearly doubled after shearing, when maximum air temperatures averaged 36 to 388C (MacFarlane et al, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shearing at the end of summer affects body temperature of free-living Angora goats (Capra aegagrus) more than does shearing at the end of winter

Hetem

Witt

Fick

et al. 2009

Animal

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Angora goats are known to be vulnerable to cold stress, especially after shearing, but their thermoregulatory responses to shearing have not been measured. We recorded activity, and abdominal and subcutaneous temperatures, for 10 days pre-shearing and post-shearing, in 10 Angora goats inhabiting the succulent thicket of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, in both March (late summer) and September (late winter). Within each season, environmental conditions were similar pre-shearing and post-shearing, but September was an average 58C colder than March. Shearing resulted in a decreased mean ( P , 0.0001), minimum ( P , 0.0001) and maximum daily abdominal temperature ( P , 0.0001). Paradoxically, the decrease in daily mean ( P 5 0.03) and maximum ( P 5 0.01) abdominal temperatures, from pre-shearing to post-shearing, was greater in March than in September. Daily amplitude of body temperature rhythm ( P , 0.0001) and the maximum rate of abdominal temperature rise ( P , 0.0001) increased from preshearing to post-shearing, resulting in an earlier diurnal peak in abdominal temperature ( P 5 0.001) post-shearing. These changes in amplitude, rate of abdominal temperature rise and time of diurnal peak in abdominal temperature suggest that the goats' thermoregulatory system was more labile after shearing. Mean daily subcutaneous temperatures also decreased post-shearing ( P , 0.0001), despite our index goat selecting more stable microclimates after shearing in March ( P 5 0.03). Following shearing, there was an increased difference between abdominal and subcutaneous temperatures ( P , 0.0001) at night, suggesting that the goats used peripheral vasoconstriction to limit heat loss. In addition to these temperature changes, mean daily activity increased nearly two-fold after March shearing, but not September shearing. This increased activity after March shearing was likely the result of an increased foraging time, food intake and metabolic rate, as suggested by the increased water influx ( P 5 0.0008). Thus, Angora goats entered a heat conservation mode after shearing in both March and September. That the transition from the fleeced to the shorn state had greater thermoregulatory consequences in March than in September may provide a mechanistic explanation for Angora goats' vulnerability to cold in summer.

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Behavioral, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Goats to Temperature, 0° to 40° C.

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic and environmental factors that influence production and quality of milk of Alpine and Saanen goats

Genetic and environmental factors that influence production and quality of milk of Alpine and Saanen goats

Association between Epidemiology and Haematophagous Behaviour of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> and <i>Ostertagia ostertagi</i> Infecting Sheep of Kashmir Valley, India

Shearing at the end of summer affects body temperature of free-living Angora goats (Capra aegagrus) more than does shearing at the end of winter

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