Behavioral Pure-Tone Threshold Shifts Caused by Tympanic Membrane Electrodes

Smith, Spencer; Lichtenhan, Jeffery T.; Cone, Barbara

doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000275

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…TM electrodes were inserted into the right ear canal of each subject and advanced until the TM was contacted, which was verified by subject report of the occlusion effect and by monitoring electrode impedance changes until they were consistently ≤7 kΩ on the Intelligent Hearing Systems bio-amplifier (Ferraro, 2010). Further confirmation of electrode contact with the TM was indicated by areas of acute redness and accumulation of electrode gel observed otoscopically after TM electrodes were removed at the end of each testing session (see Smith et al, 2016, Figure 1). Each electrode was held in place throughout the session by a 13 mm ER3-14A foam ear tip coupled to the ER-3A insert earphone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Threshold was defined as the lowest presentation level at which three positive responses occurred. These measurements were made without electrodes in the ear canal, as our previous work demonstrated that TM electrode contact with the eardrum can influence audiometric thresholds, particularly to low frequencies (Smith et al, 2016). Average behavioral thresholds were 32 dB ppeSPL and 30 dB ppeSPL for clicks and chirps, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contralateral Inhibition of Click- and Chirp-Evoked Human Compound Action Potentials

2017

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Cochlear outer hair cells (OHC) receive direct efferent feedback from the caudal auditory brainstem via the medial olivocochlear (MOC) bundle. This circuit provides the neural substrate for the MOC reflex, which inhibits cochlear amplifier gain and is believed to play a role in listening in noise and protection from acoustic overexposure. The human MOC reflex has been studied extensively using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) paradigms; however, these measurements are insensitive to subsequent “downstream” efferent effects on the neural ensembles that mediate hearing. In this experiment, click- and chirp-evoked auditory nerve compound action potential (CAP) amplitudes were measured electrocochleographically from the human eardrum without and with MOC reflex activation elicited by contralateral broadband noise. We hypothesized that the chirp would be a more optimal stimulus for measuring neural MOC effects because it synchronizes excitation along the entire length of the basilar membrane and thus evokes a more robust CAP than a click at low to moderate stimulus levels. Chirps produced larger CAPs than clicks at all stimulus intensities (50–80 dB ppeSPL). MOC reflex inhibition of CAPs was larger for chirps than clicks at low stimulus levels when quantified both in terms of amplitude reduction and effective attenuation. Effective attenuation was larger for chirp- and click-evoked CAPs than for click-evoked OAEs measured from the same subjects. Our results suggest that the chirp is an optimal stimulus for evoking CAPs at low stimulus intensities and for assessing MOC reflex effects on the auditory nerve. Further, our work supports previous findings that MOC reflex effects at the level of the auditory nerve are underestimated by measures of OAE inhibition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contralateral Inhibition of Click- and Chirp-Evoked Human Compound Action Potentials

2017

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“…The most common way to identify electrode placement is after measurements are done and remaining electrode gel and irritation is visualized with otoscopy. Smith et al ( 2016 ) found that electrode placement mostly affects measurements from low-frequencies when an insert-earphone is used, a possible influence on our measurements to 500 Hz.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Human Summating Potential Using Continuous Loop Averaging Deconvolution: Response Amplitudes Vary with Tone Burst Repetition Rate and Duration

et al. 2017

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Electrocochleography (ECochG) to high repetition rate tone bursts may have advantages over ECochG to clicks with standard slow rates. Tone burst stimuli presented at a high repetition rate may enhance summating potential (SP) measurements by reducing neural contributions resulting from neural adaptation to high stimulus repetition rates. To allow for the analysis of the complex ECochG responses to high rates, we deconvolved responses using the Continuous Loop Averaging Deconvolution (CLAD) technique. We examined the effect of high stimulus repetition rate and stimulus duration on SP amplitude measurements made with extratympanic ECochG to tone bursts in 20 adult females with normal hearing. We used 500 and 2,000 Hz tone bursts of various stimulus durations (12, 6, 3 ms) and repetition rates (five rates ranging from 7.1 to 234.38/s). A within-subject repeated measures (rate x duration) analysis of variance was conducted. We found that, for both 500 and 2,000 Hz stimuli, the mean deconvolved SP amplitudes were larger at faster repetition rates (58.59 and 97.66/s) compared to slower repetition rates (7.1 and 19.53/s), and larger at shorter stimulus duration compared longer stimulus duration. Our concluding hypothesis is that large SP amplitude to short duration stimuli may originate primarily from neural excitation, and large SP amplitudes to long duration, fast repetition rate stimuli may originate from hair cell responses. While the hair cell or neural origins of the SP to various stimulus parameters remains to be validated, our results nevertheless provide normative data as a step toward applying the CLAD technique to understanding diseased ears.

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“…At least two traces were recorded to ensure repeatability of the SP and AP responses. Because of recording ECochG and ABR to three different electrode types, testing took place on two separate days for each participant to avoid any hearing threshold shifts from the TM electrode placement 22,23 that might affect the measurements. This was also useful to evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of the measures, as evaluated later the results section.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Simultaneous Electrocochleography and Auditory Brainstem Response Measurements Using Three Different Extratympanic Electrodes

2021

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Background Various extratympanic recording electrodes have been used to make electrocochleography (ECochG) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements in clinics, translational research, and basic science laboratories. However, differences may exist in ECochG and ABR measurements depending on the different types of extratympanic electrodes that are used. Purpose The purpose of this research is to compare simultaneously recorded ECochG and ABR responses using three different extratympanic electrodes. This research helps clinicians and researchers to understand how electrode types and recording sites influence EcochG and ABR results. In addition, our findings could provide more normative data to the ECochG and ABR literature as well as give perspective on a preferred electrode approach when performing simultaneous ECochG and ABR testing. Research Design Ours was a repeated-measures study with measurements being made from individual participants on two separate sessions. Study Sample Twenty young adult females with normal hearing. Procedure A three-channel recording system was used to simultaneously record ECochG and ABR measurements in response to alternating polarity click stimuli. In each session, measurements were simultaneously recorded with a TipTrode electrode and one of the tympanic membrane (TM) electrodes. Data Collection and Analysis Suprathreshold summating potential (SP) and action potential (AP) of the ECochG and waves I, III, and V of the ABR, and threshold responses (AP and wave V) were identified. Results Compared with the ear canal TipTrode electrode, TM electrodes yielded suprathreshold amplitudes that were larger than those from the ear canal electrode, smaller SP–AP ratios, lower AP thresholds, and less variability. These findings can help guide choices made by clinicians, translational investigators, and basic science researchers on which type of extra-tympanic electrode to use for their intended purpose.

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Behavioral Pure-Tone Threshold Shifts Caused by Tympanic Membrane Electrodes

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Contralateral Inhibition of Click- and Chirp-Evoked Human Compound Action Potentials

Contralateral Inhibition of Click- and Chirp-Evoked Human Compound Action Potentials

Human Summating Potential Using Continuous Loop Averaging Deconvolution: Response Amplitudes Vary with Tone Burst Repetition Rate and Duration

Comparing Simultaneous Electrocochleography and Auditory Brainstem Response Measurements Using Three Different Extratympanic Electrodes

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