Behavioral recovery from unilateral photothrombotic infarcts of the forelimb sensorimotor cortex in rats: Role of the contralateral cortex

Shanina, E.; Schallert, Timothy; Witte, Otto W.; Redecker, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.01.016

Cited by 63 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Although there is some damage to the underlying corpus callosum due to degeneration of efferent fibers from the motor cortex, other subcortical regions of the brain are not damaged. The size and location of the pial strip and photothrombotic motor cortex strokes were intentionally equivalent as has been described previously (Shanina et al, 2006;Alaverdashvili et al, 2008). MCAO strokes were variable in size and location with some stokes affecting the lateral neocortex in addition to the caudate-putamen (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No single rodent stroke model fully mimics the human stroke condition, thus the present study included an investigation of a number of stroke models, including two models of forelimb motor cortex stroke, pial stripping and photothrombotic stroke, that have been widely used to investigate functional recovery of forelimb movement following stroke Kleim et al, 2007;Whishaw et al, 1991;Shanina 2006). Because occlusion of the MCA composes a large proportion of clinical stroke cases, the study also included a model of MCAO stroke that produces varying degrees of damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thinning, movement, and volume loss of residual cortical tissue occurs after stroke in the adult rat as identified by histological and magnetic resonance imaging analysis

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinning, movement, and volume loss of residual cortical tissue occurs after stroke in the adult rat as identified by histological and magnetic resonance imaging analysis

et al. 2010

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“…The cylinder task was used to detect changes in the use of each forelimb during recovery from unilateral photothrombotic stroke (Shanina et al, 2006). Animals began testing 1-2 d before the induction of stroke to assess basal levels of forepaw use and/or paw preference and then were tested 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VivoVoltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging in Adult Mice Reveals That Somatosensory Maps Lost to Stroke Are Replaced over Weeks by New Structural and Functional Circuits with Prolonged Modes of Activation within Both the Peri-Infarct Zone and Distant Sites

Brown

Aminoltejari²,

Erb³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

296

295

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After brain damage such as stroke, topographically organized sensory and motor cortical representations remap onto adjacent surviving tissues. It is conceivable that cortical remapping is accomplished by changes in the temporal precision of sensory processing and regional connectivity in the cortex. To understand how the adult cortex remaps and processes sensory signals during stroke recovery, we performed in vivo imaging of sensory-evoked changes in membrane potential, as well as multiphoton imaging of dendrite structure and tract tracing. In control mice, forelimb stimulation evoked a brief depolarization in forelimb cortex that quickly propagated to, and dissipated within, adjacent motor/hindlimb areas (Ͻ100 ms). One week after forelimb cortex stroke, the cortex was virtually unresponsive to tactile forelimb stimulation. After 8 weeks recovery, forelimb-evoked depolarizations reemerged with a characteristic pattern in which responses began within surviving portions of forelimb cortex (Ͻ20 ms after stimulation) and then spread horizontally into neighboring peri-infarct motor/hindlimb areas in which depolarization persisted 300 -400% longer than controls. These uncharacteristically prolonged responses were not limited to the remapped peri-infarct zone and included distant posteromedial retrosplenial cortex, millimeters from the stroke. Structurally, the remapped peri-infarct area selectively exhibited high levels of dendritic spine turnover, shared more connections with retrosplenial cortex and striatum, and lost inputs from lateral somatosensory cortical regions. Our findings demonstrate that sensory remapping during stroke recovery is accompanied by the development of prolonged sensory responses and new structural circuits in both the peri-infarct zone as well as more distant sites.

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“…However these methods often result in large, inconsistently placed lesions and are often associated www.chinaphar.com Livingston-thomas JM et al Acta Pharmacologica Sinica npg with a relatively high mortality rate [11] , unless accompanied by labour-intensive post-operative care [12,13] , rendering them inadequate for studying specifically localized deficits and/ or early interventions. To gain more specific control of lesion location, reproducibility, and marked deficits to forelimb function, different rat models of focal ischemic stroke have been developed [14][15][16][17][18] . Permanent methods such as devascularization [16] and photo-irradiation of blood vessels that supply the forelimb region [18] affect surface tissue only (without accompanying damage to subcortical regions) and do not allow for restoration of blood flow to the ischemic region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To gain more specific control of lesion location, reproducibility, and marked deficits to forelimb function, different rat models of focal ischemic stroke have been developed [14][15][16][17][18] . Permanent methods such as devascularization [16] and photo-irradiation of blood vessels that supply the forelimb region [18] affect surface tissue only (without accompanying damage to subcortical regions) and do not allow for restoration of blood flow to the ischemic region. An alternative method is to biochemically and reversibly constrict local vessels through administration of a vasoconstrictor such as endothelin-1 (ET-1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to induction and rehabilitation of deficits in forelimb function in a rat model of ischemic stroke

et al. 2012

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Aim: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMt), which forces use of the impaired arm following unilateral stroke, promotes functional recovery in the clinic but animal models of CIMT have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study is to develop a refined endothelin-1 (ET-1) model of focal ischemic injury in rats that resulted in reproducible, well-defined lesions and reliable upper extremity impairments, and to determine if an appetitively motivated form of rehabilitation (voluntary forced use movement therapy; FuMt) would accelerate post-ischemic motor recovery. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (3 months old) were given multiple intracerebral microinjections of et-1 into the sensorimotor cortex and dorsolateral striatum. Sham-operated rats received the same surgical procedure up to but not including the drill holes on the skull. Functional deficits were assessed using two tests of forelimb placing, a forelimb postural reflex test, a forelimb asymmetry test, and a horizontal ladder test. In a separate experiment et-1 stroke rats were subjected to daily rehabilitation with FuMt or with a control therapy beginning on post-surgery d 5. Performance and post-mortem analysis of lesion volume and regional BDnF expression were measured. Results: Following microinjections of ET-1 animals exhibited significant deficits in contralateral forelimb function on a variety of tests compared with the sham group. These deficits persisted for up to 20 d with no mortality and were associated with consistent lesion volumes. FUMT therapy resulted in a modest but significantly accelerated recovery in the forelimb function as compared with the control therapy, but did not affect lesion size or BDnF expression in the ipsilesional hemisphere. Conclusion: We conclude that refined ET-1 microinjection protocols and forcing use of the impaired forelimb in an appetitively motivated paradigm may prove useful in developing strategies to study post-ischemic rehabilitation and neuroplasticity.

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Behavioral recovery from unilateral photothrombotic infarcts of the forelimb sensorimotor cortex in rats: Role of the contralateral cortex

Cited by 63 publications

References 58 publications

Thinning, movement, and volume loss of residual cortical tissue occurs after stroke in the adult rat as identified by histological and magnetic resonance imaging analysis

Thinning, movement, and volume loss of residual cortical tissue occurs after stroke in the adult rat as identified by histological and magnetic resonance imaging analysis

In VivoVoltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging in Adult Mice Reveals That Somatosensory Maps Lost to Stroke Are Replaced over Weeks by New Structural and Functional Circuits with Prolonged Modes of Activation within Both the Peri-Infarct Zone and Distant Sites

A novel approach to induction and rehabilitation of deficits in forelimb function in a rat model of ischemic stroke

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