Behavioral response to induced conflict in families with a hypertensive father.

Baer, Paul E.; Vincent, John P.; Williams, Barbara; Bourianoff, G G; Bartlett, Paul C.

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.2.4_pt_2.i70

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…23 Indeed, families with a hypertensive as compared with a normotensive parent revealed more negative nonverbal but not verbal behavior that may reflect latent rejection or hostility. 32 The cardiovascular responses to stress that we observed are at variance with other studies, where a greater circulatory reactivity in borderline hypertensive patients 33 " 35 or normotensive children of hypertensive parents was found.…”

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confidence: 81%

Psychosomatic factors in borderline hypertensive subjects and offspring of hypertensive parents.

et al. 1990

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Psychosomatic factors, sympathoneural and sympathoadrenal as well as cardiovascular mechanisms, were studied in 24 patients 18-24 years of age with borderline hypertension, 50 age-matched nonnotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, and 49 controls with no family history of hypertension. They were compared by projective and questionnaire-based psychological tests and their circulatory and neurohormonal reactivity to mental (Stroop color-word conflict test and arithmetic test) and physical stressors (orthostasis and bicycle ergometry test) were measured. Borderline hypertensive subjects externalized aggression less (p<0.05) but internalized it more (/?<0.05) and were more submissive (p<0.05) when compared with controls. Offspring of hypertensive parents showed a similar but weaker pattern. Both risk groups reported more positive interactions with their parents (genetic risk subjects versus controls, p<0.05; borderline hypertensive patients versus controls, p=0.08) and had higher state-anxiety levels (p<0.05). There were more subjective symptoms of £-adrenergic receptormediated functions (e.g., tachycardia, tremor) in borderline hypertensive subjects and offspring of hypertensive parents, elevated heart rates (analysis of repeated measures, p< 0.001), and enhanced plasma norepinephrine concentrations (p<0.05) when compared with controls. These findings in subjects at risk for the development of hypertension suggest that psychosomatic factors and sympathetic overactivity are involved in the early phase of hypertension. Neurogenically mediated excessive responsiveness to stressful stimuli has been proposed as a pathophysiological mechanism. More frequent, larger, and longer-lasting pressor responses result in a pressurerelated impairment of baroreceptor reflexes followed by a resetting, 4 or lead to structural adaptive changes in the resistance vessels. 5 In addition, enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity may result in increases in cardiac output, vascular resistance, and sodium and water retention and thereby elevated levels of blood pressure. 6 In accepting a psychosomatic approach to the pathogenesis of hypertension, the psychosomatic factor must be present well before the development of high blood pressure. We therefore investigated risk groups (i.e., patients with borderline hypertension 7 and nonnotensive subjects with a family history of hypertension 8 ) rather than established hypertensive patients. Psychological characteristics were assessed by projective and questionnaire-based psychological tests in an endeavour to differentiate the above risk groups from a control population with a low risk of hypertension. Responses to stressors (i.e., cognitive tasks and physical exercise) were compared by measuring cardiovascular and biochemical stress markers. Methods SubjectsOf the 123 subjects, 18-24 years old and of both sexes, all were Caucasian: Twenty-four were consecutive untreated outpatients with borderline hypertension (15 with and nine without a family history of by guest on May 9, 2018 http://hy...

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confidence: 81%

Psychosomatic factors in borderline hypertensive subjects and offspring of hypertensive parents.

et al. 1990

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“…That is, those PHϩ participants demonstrating exaggerated cardiovascular responses were not the same individuals demonstrating a greater frequency of negative verbal and nonverbal behaviors. These findings echo some interesting questions raised in earlier investigations (e.g., Baer et al, 1980Baer et al, , 1983Semenchuk & Larkin, 1993) about the potential behavioral mechanisms through which offspring of hypertensives may be at risk for cardiovascular disease. As suggested by previous researchers (Ewart et al, 1991;Semenchuk & Larkin, 1993), it is possible that the risk for cardiovascular disease in offspring of hypertensive patients involves not only an exaggerated reactivity to stressors but a learned maladaptive behavioral response to stressors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Although considerable evidence has accumulated suggesting that such a risk profile could be derived early in life, Turner did not include overt negative behavioral responses among the variables he chose to include in his risk identification protocol. Based on the current findings, coupled with those of previous investigations (Baer et al, 1983;Baer, Vincent, Williams, Bourianoff, & Bartlett, 1980;Semenchuk & Larkin, 1993), it could be argued that the long-term follow-up studies on individuals using the risk identification protocol to examine relations between different overt and covert parameters and disease end points that Turner recommends should also include measures of negative behavioral responses to interpersonal conflict. Given the findings of the current study, with regard to different subgroups of offspring of hypertensive parents, information obtained through such a risk identification protocol may lead to more appropriate clinical interventions with high-risk individuals (e.g., offspring of hypertensive parents).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Do behavioral responses mediate or moderate the relation between cardiovascular reactivity to stress and parental history of hypertension?

Frazer

Larkin²,

Goodie³

2002

Health Psychology

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To examine whether differences in behavioral responses to stress mediated or moderated the relation between cardiovascular response to stress and parental history of hypertension, 64 healthy undergraduates-16 men with hypertensive parents (PH+), 16 men without hypertensive parents (PH-), 16 PH+ women, and 16 PH- women-participated in a mental arithmetic task, mirror tracing task, and 2 interpersonal role plays. PH+ participants exhibited higher resting heart rates than PH- participants and higher resting systolic blood pressures (SBPs) than PH- women. PH+ participants exhibited greater SBP responses to tasks and engaged in more negative verbal and nonverbal behavior across tasks than PH- counterparts. Differences in behavioral responding neither mediated nor moderated the observed relation between parental history status and SBP response to stress.

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“…Whereas research examining differences in cardiovascular responses between people with a positive familial history of hypertension (FH+) and people with a negative familial history of hypertension (FH-) has been a common focus of investigation, corresponding differences in behavioral responses and social competence have scarcely been examined. Only a handful of studies have evaluated the relation between family history of hypertension and behavioral responses to stress (e.g., Baer, Vincent, Williams, Bourianoff, & Barlett, 1980;Ditto & Miller, 1989;Holroyd & Gorkin, 1983;Jorgensen & Houston, 1981) have presented evidence to suggest that behavioral responses to interpersonal situations may yield useful information in explaining the association among behavioral risk factors, exaggerated cardiovascular reactions to stress, and essential hypertension. To provide a comprehensive measurement of FH+ and FH-subjects' responses to interpersonal stress, the present study assessed behavioral, cardiovascular, and selfreported cognitive and affective responses among two groups of undergraduate students differing with respect to parental hypertensive status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and cardiovascular responses to interpersonal challenges among male offspring of essential hypertensives.

Semenchuk¹,

Larkin²

1993

Health Psychology

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Behavioral, cardiovascular, and self-report of cognitive and affective responses to 2 interpersonal challenges were examined among 20 men with a positive (FH+) and 20 with a negative (FH-) family history of hypertension. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured throughout the laboratory session; Ss were requested to self-report positive and negative cognitions, state anger, and state anxiety that occurred during interactions with a male and female confederate. Behavioral responses to interpersonal tasks were videotaped, coded, and categorized into 4 major groupings (positive verbal, positive nonverbal, negative verbal, and negative nonverbal). FH+ individuals exhibited significantly higher resting HR and systolic BP (SBP) reactivity to both interactions than FH- counterparts. Analyses of behavioral responses for both interactions revealed significantly more negative verbal and nonverbal behavior and less positive nonverbal behavior among FH+ as compared with FH-Ss.

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Behavioral response to induced conflict in families with a hypertensive father.

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Psychosomatic factors in borderline hypertensive subjects and offspring of hypertensive parents.

Psychosomatic factors in borderline hypertensive subjects and offspring of hypertensive parents.

Do behavioral responses mediate or moderate the relation between cardiovascular reactivity to stress and parental history of hypertension?

Behavioral and cardiovascular responses to interpersonal challenges among male offspring of essential hypertensives.

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