Behavioral responses of batoid elasmobranchs to prey-simulating electric fields are correlated to peripheral sensory morphology and ecology

Bedore, Christine N.; Harris, Lindsay L.; Kajiura, Stephen M.

doi:10.1016/j.zool.2013.09.002

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Intra-specific variation in total pore count was high (>10%) for all target species, as found in other studies (Jordan 2008, Bedore et al 2014, but is unlikely due to observer error owing to the marking methodology employed. Future research should aim to understand to what extent, if any, such variation has on electrosensory capability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However, the increase in TL with age necessarily results in a decrease in pore density as pore number remains constant. High pore densities are correlated with less mobile prey (like epifaunal and infaunal crustaceans) whereas lower pore densities are correlated with more mobile prey (like cephalopods and teleosts), due to a reduction in resolution as pore density decreases (with age-related growth), leaving the animal less able to detect immobile prey items (Jordan 2008, Bedore et al 2014. It is therefore likely that the ontogenetic diet shift as described by Mauchline & Gordon (1983) is driven by both a reduced ability to detect more immobile prey and an increase in mouth gape size that allows it to target larger prey items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of ampullary pores on three catshark species (Apristurus spp.) suggest a vertical-ambush predatory behaviour

Moore¹,

McCarthy²

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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Apristurus is a genus of typically small sharks that inhabit deep waters around the globe. Relatively little is known about the feeding behaviour of these species. Here, the electrosensory biology of 3 species, A. aphyodes, A. melanoasper and A. microps, was investigated. Intra-specific variation in ampullary pore abundance was high in all species, highlighting the need for studies to examine multiple individuals. Abundance and distribution of ampullary pores on the head indicate that all 3 species are vertical ambush predators.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of ampullary pores on three catshark species (Apristurus spp.) suggest a vertical-ambush predatory behaviour

Moore¹,

McCarthy²

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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“…B 282: 20151886 elasmobranch predators readily respond to weak dipole electric fields that simulate prey DC voltage with a feeding strike. These strikes are initiated within 50 cm of the dipole and demonstrate a sensitivity of less than 1 nV cm 21 [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the longfin squid Loligo pealeii stops swimming and drops to the substrate as a way to reduce motion that signals its presence to nearby teleost predators [9]. Cephalopods, and in particular S. officinalis, present an ideal system for studying non-visual crypsis as they fall prey to a diverse group of predators [14 -20], many of which employ acute, non-visual sensory modalities while foraging [21][22][23][24]. For instance, elasmobranch fishes consume a variety of cryptic prey, including several cephalopod species [15,16,25,26], and can locate prey using their electrosensory system alone [21,22,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freezing behaviour facilitates bioelectric crypsis in cuttlefish faced with predation risk

2015

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Cephalopods, and in particular the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, are common models for studies of camouflage and predator avoidance behaviour. Preventing detection by predators is especially important to this group of animals, most of which are soft-bodied, lack physical defences, and are subject to both visually and non-visually mediated detection. Here, we report a novel cryptic mechanism in S. officinalis in which bioelectric cues are reduced via a behavioural freeze response to a predator stimulus. The reduction of bioelectric fields created by the freeze-simulating stimulus resulted in a possible decrease in shark predation risk by reducing detectability. The freeze response may also facilitate other non-visual cryptic mechanisms to lower predation risk from a wide range of predator types.

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“…All sharks and rays present an elaborate electrosensory system composed by groups of subcutaneous 32 BIANCA S. RANGEL et al electroreceptors organs, known as "ampullae of Lorenzini" (aL). The system is composed by a complex web of nerve fibers, canals and external pores ranging in size, shape and composition, related to particular needs of each species (Murray 1960, Kajiura 2001, Wueringer and Tibbetts 2008, Kajiura et al 2010, Wueringer et al 2011, 2012, Kempster et al 2012, Bedore et al 2014. The ability to detect weak bioelectric fields evolved independently in several lines of vertebrates, emphasizing the importance of this sense in a variety of behaviors (Bullock et al 1983, Collin 2010, 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic aspects of electrosensory system on the partially euryhaline lesser guitarfish

Rangel

Wosnick

Amorim

et al. 2017

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The electrosensory system on elasmobranchs consists of subcutaneous electroreceptor organs known as ampullae of Lorenzini. The present study investigated the ampullae of Lorenzini morphology of the lesser guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pore number found in the ventral skin surface is much higher than that found in the dorsal portion, characteristic of species that inhabit the euphotic zone. Under light microscopy it was possible to observe that the wall canal consists of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells. The canal features distal expansion, where the ampullae are located with up to six alveoli. The sensory epithelium of ampullae is composed by cubic cells, with oval nucleus, restricted to the interior of the alveoli. With analysis the clusters under scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to observe the structure and the random arrangement of individual ampullae, canals and nerves. The distribution of dorsal and ventral pores and ampullae in Z. brevirostris resembled those of the same family. The number of alveoli per ampullae was similar to that found in euryhaline elasmobranchs species, suggesting that the morphological organization in Z. brevirostris is linked to its possible evolutionary transitory position among batoids.

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Behavioral responses of batoid elasmobranchs to prey-simulating electric fields are correlated to peripheral sensory morphology and ecology

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Distribution of ampullary pores on three catshark species (Apristurus spp.) suggest a vertical-ambush predatory behaviour

Distribution of ampullary pores on three catshark species (Apristurus spp.) suggest a vertical-ambush predatory behaviour

Freezing behaviour facilitates bioelectric crypsis in cuttlefish faced with predation risk

Microscopic aspects of electrosensory system on the partially euryhaline lesser guitarfish

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