Behavioral Variability through Stochastic Choice and Its Gating by Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Tervo, D. Gowanlock R.; Proskurin, Mikhail; Manakov, Maxim; Kabra, Mayank; Vollmer, Alison; Branson, Kristin; Karpova, Alla Y.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.037

Cited by 269 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…2). However, it is possible that more complex choice history biases exist, which may be identified using information theory or novel statistical methods (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptable history biases in human perceptual decisions

Abrahamyan

Silva

Dakin

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

200

259

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When making choices under conditions of perceptual uncertainty, past experience can play a vital role. However, it can also lead to biases that worsen decisions. Consistent with previous observations, we found that human choices are influenced by the success or failure of past choices even in a standard two-alternative detection task, where choice history is irrelevant. The typical bias was one that made the subject switch choices after a failure. These choice history biases led to poorer performance and were similar for observers in different countries. They were well captured by a simple logistic regression model that had been previously applied to describe psychophysical performance in mice. Such irrational biases seem at odds with the principles of reinforcement learning, which would predict exquisite adaptability to choice history. We therefore asked whether subjects could adapt their irrational biases following changes in trial order statistics. Adaptability was strong in the direction that confirmed a subject’s default biases, but weaker in the opposite direction, so that existing biases could not be eradicated. We conclude that humans can adapt choice history biases, but cannot easily overcome existing biases even if irrational in the current context: adaptation is more sensitive to confirmatory than contradictory statistics.

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“…2). However, it is possible that more complex choice history biases exist, which may be identified using information theory or novel statistical methods (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptable history biases in human perceptual decisions

Abrahamyan

Silva

Dakin

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

200

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They could instead rely on heuristics (e.g., always take the immediate reward), and the switch from value-to heuristics-guided decision strategy may be driven by adaptive control processes Holroyd and Coles, 2002;Karlsson et al, 2012;Shenhav et al, 2013;Tervo et al, 2014). Further, enhanced midfrontal theta and pupil responses might reflect dynamic switching between brain networks (Cocchi et al, 2013;Uddin, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midfrontal theta and pupil dilation parametrically track subjective conflict (but also surprise) during intertemporal choice

et al. 2018

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2 Highlights •Modeled conflict during intertemporal choice and measured EEG and pupil responses.• Midfrontal theta and pupil responses parametrically tracked subjective conflict.• But theta and pupil responses were also large when decisions were surprisingly easy.• These signals may implement adaptive control during value-guided choice.3 AbstractMany everyday choices are based on personal, subjective preferences. When choosing between two options, we often feel conflicted, especially when trading off costs and benefits occurring at different times (e.g., saving for later versus spending now).Although previous work has investigated the neurophysiological basis of conflict during inhibitory control tasks, less is known about subjective conflict resulting from competing subjective preferences. In this pre-registered study, we investigated subjective conflict during intertemporal choice, whereby participants chose between smaller immediate versus larger delayed rewards (e.g., $15 today vs. $22 in 30 days). We used economic modeling to parametrically vary eleven different levels of conflict, and recorded EEG data and pupil dilation. Midfrontal theta power, derived from EEG, correlated with pupil responses, and our results suggest that these signals track different gradations of subjective conflict. Unexpectedly, both signals were also maximally enhanced when decisions were surprisingly easy. Therefore, these signals may track events requiring increased attention and adaptive shifts in behavioral responses, with subjective conflict being only one type of such event. Our results suggest that the neural systems underlying midfrontal theta and pupil responses interact when weighing costs and benefits during intertemporal choice. Thus, understanding these interactions might elucidate how individuals resolve self-control conflicts.

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“…While cognitive effort [17] and incentivization seem central to this orientation, their relation is complicated by the role of con-and dissonance and the "loyalty" towards beliefs held in modeling modules MBL [18].…”

Section: Variably Resented Explaining Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%