Background
This study aims to sightsee the importance of organizational citizenship behavior in public and private hospitals of Pakistan. It is found imperative to discover the impact of prosocial motivation and psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior. We also tried to investigate the role of workplace incivility as a moderator.
Method
We sampled the employees of public and private hospitals of Pakistan. All data were collected on-site during paid working hours without any kind of inference from the authors. Nurses and their immediate managers (i.e., doctors) were surveyed at two time points in order to minimize common method bias. At Time 1, 146 nurses completed survey on predictors (prosocial motivation, psychological capital) and moderator (workplace incivility). At Time 2, two weeks after Time 1, 35 doctors provide their perception about organizational citizenship behavior of nurses.
Results
Results showed that prosocial motivation has a trifling impact on organizational citizenship behavior when a high level of workplace incivility was observed. Conversely, psychological capital created a significant positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior, even when there was a lower level of workplace incivility exist. The results revealed that hospitals should strive for the minimal level of workplace incivility in order to improve the organizational citizenship behavior.
Conclusions
The hospitals should not tolerate the uncivil behaviors in order to ensure the high level of organizational citizenship behavior even at lower prosocial motivation levels. However, if nurses are prosocially motivated then the level of their organizational citizenship behaviors will be at its optimal level in the absence of workplace incivility which results in the ultimate benefit to patients. Furthermore, organizational citizenship behavior of nurses will be at optimal level in hospitals when they are equipped with hope, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience with the only condition that there must be low workplace incivility prevailed.