Behaviour and performance of a dynamic cobble berm revetment during a spring tidal cycle in North Cove, Washington State, USA

Environmental impacts of shore revetment

“…Revetments are conventionally applied to protect beach-front properties by limiting wave run-up from overtopping the buildings [ 39 ]. Reference [ 40 ] revealed that the revetment essentially served as a scarp toe protection, dissipating swash flows and preventing moderate wave conditions reflecting from the steep scarp face. Despite the fact that the revetments are highly effective in solving coastal erosion, they are likely to induce scouring in front of them [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Wave runup on composite beaches and dynamic cobble berm revetments

“…An experiment designed to investigate the performance and behaviour of the dynamic cobble berm revetment during storm conditions is described in detail by Bayle et al (2021). North Cove (NC) is a naturally sandy, west-facing macro-tidal beach in Washington, USA where a dynamic cobble berm revetment has been installed using angular pebbles, cobbles and small boulders to protect the hinterland.…”

“…Komar and Allan, 2010;Allan et al, 2005Allan et al, , 2012Allan and Gabel, 2016;Kaminsky et al, 2020;Everts et al, 2002), however guidance to design them is limited and relatively little monitoring of their performance has been undertaken. Some more recent studies have undertaken large scale laboratory (Bayle et al, 2020) and field experiments (Allan et al, 2006;Bayle et al, 2021) designed to investigate revetment morphodynamics, wave overtopping, wave-by-wave sediment fluxes and cobble transport using tracked cobbles.…”

Cobble Tracking Observations at Torrey Pines State Beach, CA, USA

“…Cobbles are relatively large sediments (64–256 mm) and comprise the higher range of gravel sizes (>2 mm) according to the Wentworth (1922) classification system. Cobbles occur on beaches worldwide (e.g., Holland & Elmore, 2008; Jennings & Shulmeister, 2002; Kirk, 1980), influence beach shape and morphology (e.g., Carter & Orford, 1984, 1993; Forbes et al., 1991, 1995; Jackson et al., 2005; Matsumoto et al., 2020a), and may help stabilize shorelines (e.g., Allan & Komar, 2004; Bayle et al., 2021; Carter & Orford, 1984; Forbes et al., 1995; Orford et al., 2002). There are important differences between the sediment transport dynamics of coarse and fine‐grained beaches (e.g., Mason & Coate, 2001).…”