Behaviour and welfare of broiler breeders fed qualitatively restricted diets during rearing: Are there viable alternatives to quantitative restriction?

Sandilands, V.; Tolkamp, B.J.; Savory, C.J.; Kyriazakis, Ι.

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2005.04.017

Cited by 71 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The high friability of the litter in the H2 treatment may have encouraged scraping and foraging. Increased foraging has been found in growing broiler breeders when the feed contained oat hulls Sandilands et al, 2006). The high content of oat hulls in feed H2 may thus have rendered it more crumbly than the other feeds (Hocking, 2006), although pellet quality was deemed high by the manufacturer.…”

Section: Hunger Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts to feed broiler breeders with highfibre diets in order to increase satiety and improve welfare have been studied using different kinds of fibre sources (Zuidhof et al, 1995;De Jong et al, 2005b;Sandilands et al, 2006). However, previous attempts to feed high-fibre diets to growing broiler breeders have often concentrated on one fibre source at a time (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hocking et al, 2004), sometimes used in combination with appetite suppressants, such as calcium -E-mail: birte.nielsen@jouy.inra.fr propionate (e.g. Sandilands et al, 2006), which lead to a significant reduction in food intake when food is available on an ad libitum or equivalent schedule. Although calcium propionate has been used to successfully limit growth as well as stereotypic behaviour on an ad libitum fed diet containing oat hulls Tolkamp et al, 2005), it is uncertain how this is achieved, as no metabolic or physiological effects have been found (Pinchasov and Elmaliah, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proportion of insoluble fibre in the diet affects behaviour and hunger in broiler breeders growing at similar rates

Nielsen

Thodberg

Malmkvist

et al. 2011

Animal

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With a view to alleviate the feeling of hunger in broiler breeders, different types of fibre sources were used in high-fibre diets to increase feed quantity while limiting growth to industry recommended levels. Using scatter feeding, three diets (C1: commercial control diet, 1 3 fibre content, 80% insoluble fibre (ISF); H2: 2 3 fibre content, 89% ISF; and L2: 2 3 fibre content, 71% ISF) were each fed to 10 groups of 16 broiler breeder chickens. Similar growth rates were obtained on different quantities of food with all birds reaching commercial target weight at 15 weeks of age. In a hunger test, birds fed C1 ate significantly faster and showed a higher compensatory feed intake than birds on diets H2 and L2, indicating that the two high-fibre diets did reduce the level of hunger experienced by the birds. Behavioural observations carried out at 14 weeks of age showed high levels of tail pecking in birds fed C1 and almost none in birds fed L2, whereas birds fed H2 were intermediate. Stereotypic pecking at fixtures was seen twice as frequently in birds fed C1. Birds on diet L2 displayed behavioural signs indicative of discomfort, and the high water usage on this diet created problems with litter quality. Birds on diet H2 continued to show foraging behaviour throughout the day, and were more frequently engaged in dust bathing and other comfort behaviour. This experiment indicates that high-fibre diets can alleviate the feeling of hunger currently experienced by broiler breeders, and a high ratio of ISF may improve the well-being of the birds.

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Section: Hunger Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proportion of insoluble fibre in the diet affects behaviour and hunger in broiler breeders growing at similar rates

Nielsen

Thodberg

Malmkvist

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…Stressed chicks normally exhibit elevated plasma levels of CS, whether treated with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (Minozzi et al, 2008), CS (Post et al, 2003) or exposed to different stressors including tonic immobility (Jones et al, 2005), high temperature (Lin et al, 2006) or feed restriction (Sandilands et al, 2006). Blood CS concentration is an indicator of HPA-axis activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of lactobacilli to normalize production of corticosterone induced by unpleasant handling of broilers

Meimandipour¹,

Soleimanifarjam²,

Hair-Bejo³

et al. 2011

SA J. An. Sci.

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A study was conducted to investigate the effect of two Lactobacillus strains on hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity induced by supposedly unpleasant handling (UH) of broiler chickens. The three treatments were: (1) non-handled chicks fed basal diet (control); (2) unpleasantly handled-chicks fed basal diet (UH-BD) and (3) unpleasantly handled-chicks fed basal diet supplemented with the probiotic, lactobacilli (UH-BDL). Chicks were exposed to UH from days 1 to 21. Treatment UH-BDL received probiotics in their diet for the whole experimental period. Blood corticosterone (CS) concentrations were monitored at 14, 28, 35 and 42 days of age and selected caecal bacterial groups were enumerated in 14-day old birds. Unpleasant handling significantly increased blood CS concentrations at 14 and 28 days of age. Blood CS concentration decreased with age over the course of the experimental period. Lactobacillus supplementation did not reduce blood CS concentration in broilers in the UH-BDL treatment. Moreover, the UH treatment did not alter caecal bacterial numbers in the 14-day old broilers while the probiotic numerically increased total anaerobes and lactobacilli. Overall, it seems as if the efficacy of lactobacilli to modulate stress-related high HPA-axis activity depends on gastrointestinal tract microbial alteration. However, Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius JCM 1230 and L. agilis JCM 1048 were able to reestablish a proper microbial balance in the caecum of the chickens. ________________________________________________________________________________

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“…Such a practice creates a welfare dilemma. The chronic feed restriction to which they are subjected results in stereotypical behaviours De Jong & Jones, 2006;Sandilands et al, 2006;De Jong & Guémené, 2009) that are positively correlated to the degree of restriction (Savory & Maros, 1993) and are characteristic of frustration of feeding motivation (Duncan & Wood-Gush, 1972). However, they lead to decreases in lipid deposition, heart disease, skeletal lameness, mortality, multiple ovulations and feed costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age, lighting treatment, feed allocation and feed form influence broiler breeder feeding time

Gous¹,

Danisman²

2016

SA J. An. Sci.

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During a broiler breeder trial with 3200 Cobb 500 hens, the effects of lighting treatment after 20 weeks' feed allocation and of feed form on the length of time taken to consume the daily allocation of feed were measured. Pullets were reared on 8-hour photoperiods to 20 weeks, then transferred to one of four lighting treatments: permanently to 11 h or 16 hours, transferred temporarily to 11 hours, then given 2-hours increments at 40, 44 and 48 weeks to reach 17 hours or a commercially recommended step-up lighting programme (11 hours at 20 weeks, incrementing by 30 min per week to reach 16 h by 30 weeks). Feed was made available in mash or pelleted form, and hens received 160 g or 180 g by 30 weeks. This allocation was increased linearly from 100 g at 20 weeks. After 40 weeks, the daily feed allocation was reduced by 5 g/bird for each 5% reduction in rate of lay to a minimum of 150 or 160 g/bird. On five occasions, when the hens were 39, 40, 41, 45 and 54 weeks old, the time taken by the hens to consume all their feed was measured and scaled to min/100 g consumed. Hens learned to consume the feed more rapidly as the laying period progressed. The mean clean-up time over all treatments was 67.7, 62.1, 63.4, 47.1 and 40.2 min/100 g at the five ages. Over all treatments and ages, the time taken to consume all their feed was 40.0 min/100 g for birds fed 160 g, versus 72.2 min for those given 180 g of food daily, but this difference was greater at 39 weeks (43.5 versus 91.8) than at 54 weeks (34.0 versus 46.4 min/100 g, respectively). This effect was also evident with feed form, the difference in time taken to consume mash and pellets being greater at 39 weeks (69.2 versus 66.1) than at 54 weeks (54.7 versus 25.7 min/100 g, respectively). The lighting programmes also had an effect on the feed clean-up time. The main effects were 53.5, 56.3, 52.1 and 62.5 min/100 g for the 11-hour constant, 11 to 16 hours, 16-hour constant and step-up programmes, respectively. Significant interactions occurred between treatments. The main reason was the much longer time taken initially by birds receiving the step-up lighting programme and 180 g of pelleted feed to consume all their feed. The effects of these treatments on bird welfare are discussed.

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Behaviour and welfare of broiler breeders fed qualitatively restricted diets during rearing: Are there viable alternatives to quantitative restriction?

Cited by 71 publications

References 24 publications

Proportion of insoluble fibre in the diet affects behaviour and hunger in broiler breeders growing at similar rates

Proportion of insoluble fibre in the diet affects behaviour and hunger in broiler breeders growing at similar rates

Efficacy of lactobacilli to normalize production of corticosterone induced by unpleasant handling of broilers

Age, lighting treatment, feed allocation and feed form influence broiler breeder feeding time

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