“…The required lateral resisting force from the stabilizing piles can be evaluated using either the aforementioned pile‐slope or pile‐landslide interaction analysis or the conventional stability analysis (eg, Bishop and Janbu). With respect to the selection of the design of stabilizing piles, the following aspects should be explicitly considered: (1) the pile diameter and pile structural properties should be selected such that the stabilizing piles could provide sufficient bearing capability against the internal forces and deformation of the stabilizing piles (eg, previous studies), otherwise, the stabilizing piles might fail because of the excessive deformation, pile cracking, or structural damage; (2) the pile spacing should be selected such that an effective soil arching could be formed between adjacent piles (eg, previous studies), otherwise, the soils might flow through the space between adjacent piles; (3) the pile length should be selected such that the embedded depth within the lower stable layer could be sufficient to provide the required lateral resisting force (eg, Chmoulian and Viggiani), otherwise, the failure of the geomaterials (ie, soils) originated in the upper unstable layer might extend into the lower stable layer; and (4) the pile position should be selected such that the reinforcement effectiveness, which could be captured by the increase in the FS of the reinforced slope or landslide, could be maximized (eg, Ito et al and Won et al).…”