Behaviour of metalaxyl as copper oxychloride–metalaxyl commercial formulation vs. technical grade-metalaxyl in vineyards-devoted soils

Sorption of penconazole applied as a commercial water–oil emulsion in soils devoted to vineyards

“…This behavior demonstrated that the influence of the other ingredients of the WOEP formulation decreased the quantification in the aqueous phase. Similar result has been reported for the fungicide metalaxyl in Ridomil Gold Plus-water suspensions [14].…”

“…1), suggesting that the solid adjuvants present in the commercial formulation, together with soil, contributed to increase the total penconazole concentration in the solid. A similar behavior was also observed in a previous study of the sorption of the fungicide metalaxyl by comparing the technical-grade pesticide with a commercial formulation [14]. The distribution of points in Fig.…”

“…For instance, the presence of higher concentrations of hydrophobic surfactants can increase the sorption of triticonazole by 50% [13]. Moreover, the influence of the commercial formulation on the pesticide behavior in vineyard soils was also observed for metalaxyl [14].…”

Effect of incoming and outgoing exchangeable anions on the release kinetics of phenoxyherbicides nanohybrids

“…Sorption of metalaxyl and cyprodinil was found to be dependent on the soil organic matter and humic acid [14,15]. Studies on the quaternary ammonium herbicides, paraquat, diquat and difenzoquat show that most of the sorption capacity in the soil was related to clay, in the order of paraquat > diquat > difenzoquat [16].…”

Combined soil washing and CDEO for the removal of atrazine from soils

“…The capacity of the soil to filter, buffer, degrade, immobilize, and detoxify pesticides is a function or quality of the soil. Pesticide adsorption to soil depends on both the chemical properties of the pesticide (i.e., water solubility, polarity) and properties of the soil (i.e., organic matter and clay contents, pH, surface charge characteristics, permeability) [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Pesticides can move off-site contaminating surface and groundwater and causing adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems.…”