Behaviour of soft granules under compression: Effect of reactive and non-reactive nature of the binder on granule properties

Hibare, Sujitkumar; Sivanathan, Ramlingam; Nadakatti, Suresh

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2011.03.024

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This figure shows that samples A and B exhibit large scatters in their Young's modulus measurements. Our results are consistent with the large variations which have been reported in the determination of the single granule strength with SDs ranging from 40 to 50% of the average value with sample sizes of 40 in the work of Hibare et al 17 Based on the scatter plot, most of the measurements congregate below a Young's modulus value of 3600 kPa with less than one-fourth of the values above this value. Alternative bulk characterization methods such as the GI index and the Kawakita analysis show that these two materials possess similar mechanical properties.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

A new perspective on the mechanical evaluation of granular material

Chan

Wang

Lai

et al. 2012

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

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The mechanical strength of granules is an important parameter to be determined prior to any further downstream formulation processing. It is important to have a good gauge on the granule integrity to forecast any foreseeable powder issues associated with the material processability such as segregation, content uniformity, and material flow-ability. In this study, a systematic methodology has been developed to quantify the integrity of these granules subjected to a low frequency acoustic field to arrive at the Granule Integrity (GI) index. This methodology has been compared to existing well-established bulk characterization techniques reported in the literature such as Heckel analysis, Kawakita analysis, and Young's modulus for four different processed samples. Heckel analysis is more amenable to examine the material deformability while Kawakita analysis is better suited to understand the mechanics of granular material. Individual granule strength measurements to determine Young's modulus often show large variations across the bulk sample. The GI index in conjunction with the Kawakita analysis provides us with more mechanistic insight and understanding into the formation of these granules from a processing perspective. This paper shows the benefits of using the GI index as a practical and direct methodology to characterize the GI of bulk samples in an industrial setting.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

A new perspective on the mechanical evaluation of granular material

Chan

Wang

Lai

et al. 2012

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

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“…As a result of this type of segregation, granules with In general, the mechanical strength of the wet granulation product, which is a crucial parameter for the fertilizer in practice, depends on at least three types of force-intergrain friction, surface tension, and capillary forces associated with the presence of liquids, which are predominant in static systems, and viscous forces associated with the presence of liquids, mainly active in dynamic systems [27]. In a number of experimental studies, attempts have been made to determine the influence of individual physicochemical parameters and process conditions on the granulate properties [14,16,[28][29][30][31][32], including angle of repose, bulk density, compressive strength, and humidity. Angle of repose determines material flowability, which is an important property influencing processing, storage, and conveying of particular materials [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Behavior and Product Quality in Fertilizer Manufacturing Using Continuous Hopper Transfer Pan Granulation—Experimental Investigations

et al. 2021

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Fertilizers are commonly used to improve the soil quality in both conventional and organic agriculture. One such fertilizer is dolomite for which soil application in granulated form is advantageous. These granules are commonly produced from ground dolomite powder in continuous pan transfer granulators. During production, the granulator’s operation parameters affect the granules’ properties and thereby also the overall performance of the fertilizer. To ensure product granules of certain specifications and an efficient overall production, process control and intensification approaches based on mathematical models can be applied. However, the latter require high-quality quantitative experimental data describing the effects of process operation parameters on the granule properties. Therefore, in this article, such data is presented for a lab-scale experimental setup. Investigations were carried out into how variations in binder spray rate, binder composition, feed powder flow rate, pan inclination angle, and angular velocity affect particle size distribution, mechanical stability, and humidity. Furthermore, in contrast to existing work samples from both, pan granules and product granules are analyzed. The influence of operation parameter variations on the differences between both, also known as trajectory separation, is described quantitatively. The results obtained indicate an increase in the average particle size with increasing binder flow rate to feed rate and increasing binder concentration and the inclination angle of the pan. Compressive strength varied significantly depending on the operating parameters. Significant differences in properties were observed for the product and the intermediate (pan) samples. In fact, for some operation parameters, e.g., binder feed rate, the magnitude of the separation effect strongly depends on the specific value of the operation parameter. The presented concise data will enable future mathematical modeling of the pan granulation process, e.g., using the framework of population balance equations.

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“…Initially, in 1923, Walker [19] first pressed and analysed organic chemical powders (such as precipitated calcium carbonate powder and tetranitro-methylaniline powder), and then obtained brief and accurate compaction equation about the pressure and relative volume of the powder. In the following time, more and more powder compaction models were proposed and applied by Heckel [20][21][22], Cooper-Eaton [23], Kawakita [24,25], Huang-Peiyun [18], Panelli [26][27][28], Soonergaard [29] and Gerdemann [30,31]. According to Denny [32], the application of compaction equation cannot be limited to data fitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and parameter analysis of compaction equations applied to titanium powder

et al. 2021

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Titanium is widely used in the fields of medicine, industry, and biological science due to its excellent properties. In addition, titanium powder metallurgy (PM) is widely used in production because it could considerably reduce the cost. The most critical step in PM is powder compaction. Thus, the compaction equation is highly important in the prediction and analysis of powder compaction process. In this paper, the experimental data of titanium hydride powder and hydrogenated-dehydrogenated titanium powder were fitted using different compaction equations, and all the equations could obtain a high fitting degree (R 2 > 0.99) and a small error. The linear compaction equation could distinguish the powder type and different particle size distribution forms in the same type of powder through fitting parameters. The nonlinear compaction fitting equation could also analyse the contribution of powder densification mechanism through parameter calculation.

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Behaviour of soft granules under compression: Effect of reactive and non-reactive nature of the binder on granule properties

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

A new perspective on the mechanical evaluation of granular material

A new perspective on the mechanical evaluation of granular material

Process Behavior and Product Quality in Fertilizer Manufacturing Using Continuous Hopper Transfer Pan Granulation—Experimental Investigations

Evaluation and parameter analysis of compaction equations applied to titanium powder

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