Behaviour of some low‐flying aphids in wind

Kennedy, J. S.; Thomas, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1974.tb07968.x

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, long-distance transmission events (i.e., over several kilometers) can also occur, as documented after a ban on prunus material movement (55). Such results, as well as a preliminary estimation of aphid dispersal function (114), are in agreement with the hypothesis that aphid-mediated PPV spread at short and long distance involves two different processes: active flights below the canopy of prunus orchards, where wind speed is reduced, and passive flights above the canopy, where air masses move at higher elevations over longer distances (69,75). The spread of viruses may be enhanced by the indirect manipulation of vector behavior through infection-induced changes in the plant phenotype.…”

Section: Plum Pox Virus Disseminationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sharka Epidemiology and Worldwide Management Strategies: Learning Lessons to Optimize Disease Control in Perennial Plants

Rimbaud

Dallot

Gottwald

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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Many plant epidemics that cause major economic losses cannot be controlled with pesticides. Among them, sharka epidemics severely affect prunus trees worldwide. Its causal agent, Plum pox virus (PPV; genus Potyvirus), has been classified as a quarantine pathogen in numerous countries. As a result, various management strategies have been implemented in different regions of the world, depending on the epidemiological context and on the objective (i.e., eradication, suppression, containment, or resilience). These strategies have exploited virus-free planting material, varietal improvement, surveillance and removal of trees in orchards, and statistical models. Variations on these management options lead to contrasted outcomes, from successful eradication to widespread presence of PPV in orchards. Here, we present management strategies in the light of sharka epidemiology to gain insights from this worldwide experience. Although focused on sharka, this review highlights more general levers and promising approaches to optimize disease control in perennial plants.

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Section: Plum Pox Virus Disseminationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sharka Epidemiology and Worldwide Management Strategies: Learning Lessons to Optimize Disease Control in Perennial Plants

Rimbaud

Dallot

Gottwald

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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“…When flying below their maximum air speed, the flies' acceleration was invariant to the wind speeds tested (data not shown), in accordance with results published for various insect species [e.g. Aedes (Kennedy, 1939); Aphis (Kennedy and Thomas, 1974); D. virilis (David, 1982); Apis (Barron and Srinivasan, 2006)]. …”

Section: Speed Responses Are Robust For Sf Composition and Image Contsupporting

confidence: 78%

Visual control of flight speed inDrosophila melanogaster

Fry

Rohrseitz

Straw

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

143

188

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SUMMARYFlight control in insects depends on self-induced image motion (optic flow), which the visual system must process to generate appropriate corrective steering maneuvers. Classic experiments in tethered insects applied rigorous system identification techniques for the analysis of turning reactions in the presence of rotating pattern stimuli delivered in open-loop. However, the functional relevance of these measurements for visual free-flight control remains equivocal due to the largely unknown effects of the highly constrained experimental conditions. To perform a systems analysis of the visual flight speed response under freeflight conditions, we implemented a 'one-parameter open-loop' paradigm using 'TrackFly' in a wind tunnel equipped with real-time tracking and virtual reality display technology. Upwind flying flies were stimulated with sine gratings of varying temporal and spatial frequencies, and the resulting speed responses were measured from the resulting flight speed reactions. To control flight speed, the visual system of the fruit fly extracts linear pattern velocity robustly over a broad range of spatio-temporal frequencies. The speed signal is used for a proportional control of flight speed within locomotor limits. The extraction of pattern velocity over a broad spatio-temporal frequency range may require more sophisticated motion processing mechanisms than those identified in flies so far. In Drosophila, the neuromotor pathways underlying flight speed control may be suitably explored by applying advanced genetic techniques, for which our data can serve as a baseline. Finally, the high-level control principles identified in the fly can be meaningfully transferred into a robotic context, such as for the robust and efficient control of autonomous flying micro air vehicles. Supplementary material available online at

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“…Horizontal airflow, important for the delivery of chemical treatments, was generated by a 50-cm diam 3-speed window fan (Fan H, Fig. Because aphids have limited horizontal air speeds (Kennedy & Thomas, 1974), a relatively slow horizontal air speed (20 cm/sec) was used. Adjustment of the distance between the screen and the exhaust regulated the distribution of negative pressure across the plane of the screen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

POST‐LANDING BEHAVIOR OF ALATE MYZUS PERSICAE AS ALTERED BY (E)‐β‐FARNESENE AND THREE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Phelan

Miller

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The potential of 4 chemicals for disrupting the host-selection behavior of the aphid, Myzus persicae, was investigated using a flight chamber with both vertical and horizontal wind flow. (E)-13-farnesene (the aphid alarm pheromone) reduced probe durations, increased wandering, but did not reduce eventual settling. Undecanoic and dodecanoic acids (but not heptadecanoic acid) reduced all host-selection behaviors. Even after multiple landings, aphids never settled on surfaces treated with un-and dodecanoic acids. These laboratory data do not support the prospect that these chemicals would reduce non-persistent virus spread since aphids virtually always probed immediately after landing on any treatment. Other potential uses of these chemicals for aphid control are discussed.Ktv WORDS: Myzus persicae m Aphid alarm pheromone --(E)-l~-farnesene --Aphid repellents-Vertical flight tunnel.

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Behaviour of some low‐flying aphids in wind

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Sharka Epidemiology and Worldwide Management Strategies: Learning Lessons to Optimize Disease Control in Perennial Plants

Sharka Epidemiology and Worldwide Management Strategies: Learning Lessons to Optimize Disease Control in Perennial Plants

Visual control of flight speed inDrosophila melanogaster

POST‐LANDING BEHAVIOR OF ALATE MYZUS PERSICAE AS ALTERED BY (E)‐β‐FARNESENE AND THREE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

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