Behaviour of the Heart Rate of Horses with Auricular Fibrillation during Exercise and after Treatment

Deegen, E; Buntenkötter, S

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1976.tb03278.x

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9]14,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Quinidine sulfate is the drug of choice for conversion of horses with AF to sinus rhythm and is most successful when the duration of AF is short (less than 4 months), murmurs auscultated are less than grade III/ VI intensity, the resting heart rate is 560 beats/min, and there are no signs of congestive heart fail~re. '-~.~-ntravenous quinidine gluconate therapy 9.…”

Section: A Rhythmia Affecting Performance Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Horses: New Perspectives

Reef

Reimer

Spencer

1995

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Forty-one horses were treated for atrial fibrillation (AF) with 22 mg/kg quinidine sulfate via nasogastric tube every 2 hours until conversion t o sinus rhythm, a cumulative dose of 88 to 132 mg/kg had been administered in 2-hour increments, or the horse had adverse or toxic effects from the drug. Treatment intervals were prolonged t o every 6 hours if conversion had not occurred. Digoxin was administered before treatment if the horse had a fractional shortening 227% (3 horses), was prone t o tachycardia (resting heart rate 260 beats/min) (1 horse), or had a previous history of sustained tachycardia of over 100 beats/min during prior conversion (3 horses). Digoxin was administered during day 1 of quinidine sulfate treatment if the horse developed a sustained tachycardia of over 100 beats/min during treatment (1 1 horses) or on day 2 if conversion had not occurred (7 horses). Plasma quinidine concentrations within trial fibrillation (AF) is the most common ar-A rhythmia affecting performance in Conversion to sinus rhythm usually results in horses returning to their prior performance level. [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9]14,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Quinidine sulfate is the drug of choice for conversion of horses with AF to sinus rhythm and is most successful when the duration of AF is short (less than 4 months), murmurs auscultated are less than grade III/ VI intensity, the resting heart rate is 560 beats/min, and there are no signs of congestive heart fail~re.'-~.~-ntravenous quinidine gluconate therapy 9. I 3 I 7.20-26 I has also been used successfully, particularly in horses with recent onset AF.3363'4,25-2x H orses with longer (>2 months) suspected duration of AF are less likely to convert to sinus rhythm with intravenous quinidine gluconate therapy.6 The success rate for conversion to sinus rhythm with quinidine sulfate therapy also decreases as the suspected duration of the arrhythmia increases.2 A standard treatment protocol for adult horses with AF is the administration of 10 g quinidine sulfate every 2 hours via nasogastric tube, until conversion to sinus rhythm occurs, a total dose of 40 to 60 g has been administered, or toxic signs are noIf conversion does not occur, this process can be repeated on days 2 and 3 . The use ofa test dose of 5 to 10 g quinidine sulfate before initiating treatment for AF has been r e p~r t e d .~-~.~.~~' l ' , e test dose is administered on the day preceding treatment or 2 hours before beginning treatment. If no adverse reactions are observed, quinidine sulfate therapy is continued at 10 g via nasogastric tube every 2 hours.Plasma quinidine concentration in horses peaks at 13 1 minutes after a single oral 10-g dose of quinidine sulfate (range, 45 to 180 minute^).^' The plasma-totissue distribution phase is thought to occur rapidly (within 30 minutes) in all domestic animal^.^'.^' Therefore, the administration of 10 g quinidine sulfate via nasogastric tube every 2 hours allows for stepwise titration of the drug in the horse, while monitoring carefully for adverse reac...

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Section: A Rhythmia Affecting Performance Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Horses: New Perspectives

Reef

Reimer

Spencer

1995

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…As experienced by most investigators, disposable electrodes, provided with some additional glue, proved to be the best (1,13,4,8,10,17,19,20,27,29,32). Although some investigators report that shaving the electrode sites is essential (8,10,17), there was no difference between the quality of ECGs recorded from unshaven or shaven skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Electrode sites During a pilot study several electrode sites, based on earlier publications (1,2,4,8,10,13,16,17,19,20,27,29,32), were investigated. Three sites proved to be satisfactory to attach the electrodes, that is at these sites the voltage of the complexes was high enough, the influence of movement artefacts and/or muscular interference was minimal, and besides they were practical.…”

Section: Recording Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of electrode most frequently used is a self-made or commercially available silver disc electrode suspended in holders filled with electrode paste. Most ECGs are obtained by recording on a magnetic tape (10,13,20,32) or by radiotelemetry (1,2,4,8,13,16,17,19,27,29), Only Nicholl et al (22) used direct wire connections. However, until now no computer recording of an equine ECG during exercise has been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some investigators require only to detect the QRS-complexes as a means of determining the heart rate (4,8,20,29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computerized ECG recording in horses during a standardized exercise test

Scheffer

Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan

1996

Veterinary Quarterly

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SUMMARYIn the horse, it is important to make a reliable ECG recording during exercise as cardiac arrhythmia is one of the possible causes of poor performance. The purpose of the present study was to obtain a satisfactory, standardized method for ECG recording by computer during a standardized treadmill exercise test and to evaluate the procedure both in healthy and in diseased horses. Ten experienced healthy research horses were used to develop and adapt the original method (for humans) of computerized ECG recording with the Cardio Perfect® software program and to obtain reference values for heart rate and blood variables. Further, three diseased horses (patients) were examined to evaluate whether the test procedures were also usable for horses without extensive experience in treadmill and other experimental procedures.During a standardized exercise test on a treadmill at walk (1.7 m/s), trot (4.0 m/s), and canter (7.0 m/s at 0% and 4% treadmill inclination), the ECG was recorded using two bipolar leads (from xiphoid to manubrium respectively to the left withers) and one unipolar lead (on the left ventral thorax). The quality of the exercise ECGs was satisfactory. The heart rate was detectable and arrhythmias were identifiable. Most research horses did not show arrhythmias during exercise, except a single atrial premature complex (APC). The reference values for the mean heart rate for the different stages of the exercise test differed from 84 ± 7 to 176 ± 21 beats per minute (bpm). The exercise test provoked in healthy horses a plasma lactate concentration around the anaerobic threshold. Most patients were also able to finish the test. In conclusion, the developed method to obtain .an exercise ECG during a standardized exercise test proved to be reliable and applicable both in research horses and in patients, thus extending the possibilities to diagnose arrhythmias.

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Anaesthetic management of a horse with atrial fibrillation undergoing transvenous electrical cardioversion in combination with amiodarone

Asorey¹,

Corletto

2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 664 kg, 19‐year‐old, Irish sport horse gelding with chronic atrial fibrillation presented for transvenous electrical cardioversion under general anaesthesia. Five incremental electrical shocks were delivered in combination with intraoperative pharmacological cardioversion using amiodarone, which caused significant arterial hypotension treated with dobutamine infusion. Final successful cardioversion to sinus rhythm was achieved, and the horse recovered smoothly from general anaesthesia. Unfortunately, atrial fibrillation reoccurred early in the postoperative period.

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Behaviour of the Heart Rate of Horses with Auricular Fibrillation during Exercise and after Treatment

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Horses: New Perspectives

Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Horses: New Perspectives

Computerized ECG recording in horses during a standardized exercise test

Anaesthetic management of a horse with atrial fibrillation undergoing transvenous electrical cardioversion in combination with amiodarone

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