Behavioural and physiological responses of calves to dehorning by heat cauterization with or without local anaesthesia

Graf, Basile; Senn, M.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(98)00218-4

Cited by 158 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The results obtained in our study have been confirmed by other researchers who have evaluated the effect of hot-iron dehorning on the adrenal response (McMeekan et al 1998;Graf and Senn 1999). These studies also indicated that hotiron dehorning causes a stress response lasting between 1 and 3 h post-dehorning.…”

Section: Dehorningsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Changes in plasma cortisol concentrations have been used to evaluate the magnitude and duration of pain-induced stress caused by various castration (Earley and Crowe 2002;Mellor et al 2002) or dehorning (McMeekan et al 1998;Graf and Senn 1999) techniques. Basal plasma cortisol levels in unstressed cattle range from 0.2 to 1.8 µg dL -1 (Wagner and Oxenreider 1972;Rhynes and Ewing 1983;Grandin 1997).…”

Section: Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and behavioural changes in Holstein calves during and after dehorning or castration

Schwartzkopf-Genswein¹,

Booth-McLean²,

McAllister³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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[131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138]. Physiological and behavioural responses of 17 bull and 12 heifer dairy calves (80.9 ± 1.4 kg) to either hot-iron dehorning or dehorning followed by scalpel castration were compared to both control and sham procedures and to each other. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters at 15 and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 h post procedure, sham or control. Cortisol levels remained elevated above controls for at least 2 h after castration and 30 min after dehorning. Initial (T0-T15 min) cortisol responses to castration were not different from those to dehorning. However, they were greater than for dehorning at 2 and 4 h post procedure. Both castrated and dehorned calves kicked and vocalized more frequently (P < 0.05) than during sham procedures. Struggling was greater during dehorning than the sham, but occurred less (P < 0.05) during castration than the sham possibly due to the prior experience of dehorning. Dehorned calves had a higher (P < 0.05) occurrence of both struggling and kicking compared to castrated calves. Heart rate was higher (P < 0.001), compared to control values, in both the sham (P < 0.02) and dehorned calves. Non-anaesthetized dairy calves had elevated cortisol, and heart rate levels as well as more severe behavioural responses to castration and dehorning compared to sham and control treatments. Differences in the responses to each procedure may have been due to handling differences or prior experience of dehorning.Key words: Behaviour, castration, cortisol, dairy calves, dehorning, heart rate Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K. S. Ils se débattent plus pendant l'écornage que pendant l'opération fictive, mais le font moins (P < 0,05) pendant la castration, peut-être parce qu'ils ont déjà vécu l'expérience de l'écornage. Les veaux écornés ont plus tendance (P < 0,05) à se débattre et à ruer que les veaux castrés. Le rythme cardiaque des veaux écornés ou soumis à l'opération fictive (P < 0,02) est plus élevé (P < 0,001) que la valeur témoin. Les veaux non anesthésiés présentaient une forte teneur en cortisol, un rythme cardiaque élevé et de plus vives réactions à la castration et à l'écornage que les sujets témoins et que ceux subissant l'opération fictive. Les variations observées dans chaque cas pourraient venir des divergences au niveau de la manipulation ou de l'expérience préalable de l'écornage.

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Section: Dehorningsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and behavioural changes in Holstein calves during and after dehorning or castration

Schwartzkopf-Genswein¹,

Booth-McLean²,

McAllister³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Dehorning is painful, elicits a temporary elevation in animal stress, and adds expense to animal production (26). Moreover, despite the intent of protecting animals from subsequent injury, some view the practice as inhumane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient nonmeiotic allele introgression in livestock using custom endonucleases

Tan

Carlson

Lancto

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

259

196

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We have expanded the livestock gene editing toolbox to include transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nuclease (TALEN)-and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-stimulated homology-directed repair (HDR) using plasmid, rAAV, and oligonucleotide templates. Toward the genetic dehorning of dairy cattle, we introgressed a bovine POLLED allele into horned bull fibroblasts. Single nucleotide alterations or small indels were introduced into 14 additional genes in pig, goat, and cattle fibroblasts using TALEN mRNA and oligonucleotide transfection with efficiencies of 10-50% in populations. Several of the chosen edits mimic naturally occurring performance-enhancing or disease-resistance alleles, including alteration of single base pairs. Up to 70% of the fibroblast colonies propagated without selection harbored the intended edits, of which more than onehalf were homozygous. Edited fibroblasts were used to generate pigs with knockout alleles in the DAZL and APC genes to model infertility and colon cancer. Our methods enable unprecedented meiosis-free intraspecific and interspecific introgression of select alleles in livestock for agricultural and biomedical applications.

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“…[22][23][24] Other researchers have documented a difference in head shakes and ear twitches following dehorning. [25][26][27][28][29] The frequency of all these behaviors has been associated with increased cortisol concentrations, and increased cortisol concentrations are often associated with stress and fearful events. 30,31 However, neither cortisol nor counts of these behavior measurements have been determined as specific indicators of pain.…”

Section: Observer Monitoring Frequency Of Specific Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Noninvasive Assessment of Pain and Health Status in Cattle

Theurer¹,

Amrine²,

White³

2013

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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SynopsisCattle behavior is frequently monitored to determine health and wellness state of the animal. The objective of this review is to describe potential benefits and challenges of remotely monitoring cattle behavior with available methodologies including clinical illness scores, visual monitoring, accelerometers, pedometers, feed intake and behavioral monitoring, global position systems, real time location systems, thermography images, and rumen telemetry temperature bolus. The behavior of interest, labor required, and monitoring expenses all need to be taken into consideration before deciding which remote behavioral monitoring device is most appropriate.Monitoring the feeding behavior of an animal over a period of time allows establishment of a baseline against which deviations in subsequent behavioral patterns can be evaluated.Interpretation of multiple behavioral responses as an aggregate indicator of animal wellness status rather than as individual outcomes may be a more accurate measure of true state of animal pain or wellness status. Key Points Cattle behavior is frequently monitored to determine health and wellness state.

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Behavioural and physiological responses of calves to dehorning by heat cauterization with or without local anaesthesia

Cited by 158 publications

References 18 publications

Physiological and behavioural changes in Holstein calves during and after dehorning or castration

Physiological and behavioural changes in Holstein calves during and after dehorning or castration

Efficient nonmeiotic allele introgression in livestock using custom endonucleases

Remote Noninvasive Assessment of Pain and Health Status in Cattle

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