Behavioural Methods in the Treatment of Sleep Disorders—a Pilot Study

Richman, Naomi; Douglas, Jo; Hunt, Heather; Lansdown, Richard; Levere, Ruth

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01642.x

Cited by 130 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In support of this notion, behavioral methods of treating children's sleep disturbances that also redress parental behaviors vis-à -vis the child's sleep periods markedly improve or completely resolve the disturbance in 90% of cases. 20 …”

Section: Frequent Night Wakingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyssomnias and Parasomnias in Early Childhood

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVES. Our aim for this study was to determine the prevalence of dyssomnias and various parasomnias in early childhood and to describe their temporal evolution, gender differences, and correlates.METHODS. This research is part of a longitudinal study of child development. A randomized, 3-level, stratified survey design was used to study a representative sample of infants who were born in 1997-1998 in the province of Quebec (Canada). When the children were 2.5 years of age, 1997 families agreed to be interviewed. The presence of dyssomnias or parasomnias was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire that was completed by the mother at each round of measures.RESULTS. The percentage of children with frequent night wakings decreased steadily from 36.3% at age 2.5 to 13.2% at age 6. Similarly, the percentage of children who had difficulty falling asleep at night decreased significantly from 16.0% at ages 3.5 and 4 to 10% at age 5 and to 7.4% at age 6. The overall prevalence of each parasomnia for the period studied was as follows: somnambulism, 14.5%; sleep terrors, 39.8%; somniloquy, 84.4%; enuresis, 25.0%; bruxism, 45.6%; and rhythmic movements, 9.2%. Persistent somnambulism at age 6 was significantly correlated with sleep terrors and somniloquy. Persistent sleep terrors at age 6 were also correlated with somniloquy. Finally, persistent sleep terrors at age 6 were correlated with frequent night wakings. Separation anxiety was associated with persistent night wakings and with somnambulism, bruxism, sleep terrors, and somniloquy.CONCLUSIONS. There is a high prevalence of night wakings and sleep-onset difficulties in preschool children. Parasomnias are highly prevalent in early childhood and are associated with separation anxiety. However, they have little impact on sleep duration.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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Section: Frequent Night Wakingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyssomnias and Parasomnias in Early Childhood

et al. 2007

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“…Parent observations are normally systematized by a sleep diary (e.g., France & Hudson, 1990;Richman, Douglas, Hunt, Lansdown, & Levere, 1985;Seymour, 1987). The Sleep Behavior Scale (Richman, 1981(Richman, , 1985 permits the quantitative synthesis of diary information into a composite score of ISD severity, permitting standard comparisons to be made across studies.…”

Section: Behavioral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Behavioral Model of Infant Sleep Disturbance

Blampied

1993

J of App Behav Analysis

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Chronic sleep disturbance, such as bed refusal, sleep-onset delay, and night waking with crying, affects 15% to 35% of preschool children. Biological factors, particularly arousals associated with recurrent episodes of rapid-eye-movement sleep, render infants vulnerable to repeated awakenings. Parental failure to establish appropriate stimulus control of sleep-related behaviors and parentmediated contingencies of reinforcement for sleep-incompatible behaviors may shape and maintain infant sleep disturbance. Treatment and prevention strategies are discussed, and research needs are identified.

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“…Numerous epidemiologic studies of sleep disorders from a variety of populations have documented high levels of sleep disturbances in children. These include difficulty settling and frequent night wakings in up to 40% of infants [12][13][14] ; bedtime resistance, delayed sleep onset, and disruptive night wakings in 25% to 50% of preschoolers, [15][16][17][18] a 27% prevalence of marked bedtime resistance 19 and a 37% prevalence of parent-reported problematic sleep behaviors in school-aged children, 20 and significant daytime drowsiness in 10% to 40% of high school students. [21][22][23] The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in toddlers and preschoolers is conservatively estimated to be 1% to 3% 24 and the prevalence of partial arousal parasomnias ranges from 3.5% for sleep terrors 25 to 15% to 40% for sleepwalking.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Practice of Pediatric Sleep Medicine: Results of a Community Survey

2001

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To assess knowledge, screening, evaluation, treatment practices, and attitudes regarding sleep disorders in children and adolescents in a large sample of community-based and academic pediatricians.Design. Cross-sectional survey. Participants. Six hundred twenty-six pediatricians in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.Instrument. The Pediatric Sleep Survey, a 42-item questionnaire assessing general and specific sleep knowledge categories; clinical screening, diagnostic, and treatment practices for common pediatric sleep disorders; and practitioner attitudes regarding the impact of sleep disorders in the clinical setting and as a public health issue.Results. On the knowledge section, the mean Total Knowledge score for the respondents was 18.1 ؎ 3.5 out of 30 items, with 23.5% of the sample responding correctly on half or less of the items. Pediatricians scored highest on items relating to developmental and behavioral aspects of sleep and parasomnias, whereas the mean percentage of correct responses was <50% for items relating to sleep disordered breathing, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep movement disorders. Although only 16.5% and 18.2% of the sample reported not screening routinely for sleep disorders in infants and toddlers, this percentage rose to 43.9% in adolescents. Furthermore, only 38.3% regularly question the adolescents themselves about their sleep. Only about one quarter of the respondents screen toddlers and school-aged children for snoring. In evaluating and treating pediatric sleep problems, 53.2% of the sample never or rarely order overnight sleep studies to assess for obstructive sleep apnea and few use alternative treatment strategies, such as continuous positive airway pressure. A quarter of the sample at least occasionally recommends diphenhydramine and almost half suggests a psychological evaluation for children with night terrors. Finally, the percent of pediatricians rating the impact on children of sleep problems in a variety of domains as important or very important ranged from 49.7% (nonintentional injuries) to 92.6% (academic performance). However, only 46% of the sample felt confident or very confident about their own ability to screen for sleep problems, whereas 34.2% and 25.3% similarly rated their ability to evaluate and treat sleep problems in children.Conclusions. problematic sleep behaviors in school-aged children, 20 and significant daytime drowsiness in 10% to 40% of high school students. [21][22][23] The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in toddlers and preschoolers is conservatively estimated to be 1% to 3% 24 and the prevalence of partial arousal parasomnias ranges from 3.5% for sleep terrors 25 to 15% to 40% for sleepwalking. 26 Childhood sleep disorders may also extend their impact by causing increased stress for parents, adding to marital disruption, and resulting in negative effects on parental sleep and daytime function. 27 Thus, inadequate recognition and treatment may have significant repercussions not only for the individ...

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Behavioural Methods in the Treatment of Sleep Disorders—a Pilot Study

Cited by 130 publications

References 27 publications

Dyssomnias and Parasomnias in Early Childhood

Dyssomnias and Parasomnias in Early Childhood

A Behavioral Model of Infant Sleep Disturbance

The Practice of Pediatric Sleep Medicine: Results of a Community Survey

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