Behavioural Significance of Hypothalamic Temperature-Sensitive Cells

Carlisle, Harry J.

doi:10.1038/2091324a0

Cited by 63 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Thermoregulatory behaviors include warm and cold-seeking as well as diverse, species-specific strategies for modulating heat loss, such as nest building in rodents and the use of clothing in humans. These responses to temperature challenge are classic motivated behaviors (Carlisle, 1966; Weiss and Laties, 1961), yet remarkably little is known about their underlying neural substrates (Morrison and Nakamura, 2011; Romanovsky, 2007). Of note, it has been reported that many thermoregulatory behaviors remain intact following preoptic lesions (Carlisle, 1969; Satinoff and Rutstein, 1970), which has led to the belief that these responses originate from brain structures outside the POA (Satinoff, 1978).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature

Tan

Cooke

Leib

et al. 2016

Cell

342

381

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Summary Thermoregulation is one of the most vital functions of the brain, but how temperature information is converted into homeostatic responses remains unknown. Here we use an unbiased approach for activity-dependent RNA sequencing to identify warm-sensitive neurons (WSNs) within the preoptic hypothalamus that orchestrate the homeostatic response to heat. We show that these WSNs are molecularly-defined by co-expression of the neuropeptides BDNF and PACAP. Optical recordings in awake, behaving mice reveal that these neurons are selectively activated by environmental warmth. Optogenetic excitation of WSNs triggers rapid hypothermia, mediated by reciprocal changes in heat production and loss, as well as dramatic cold-seeking behavior. Projection-specific manipulations demonstrate that these distinct effectors are controlled by anatomically segregated pathways. These findings reveal a molecularly-defined cell type that coordinates the diverse behavioral and autonomic responses to heat. Identification of these warm-sensitive cells provides genetic access to the core neural circuit regulating the body temperature of mammals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature

Tan

Cooke

Leib

et al. 2016

Cell

342

381

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“…Moreover, two distinct methods of applying heat to the preoptic region were used with essentially similar results. Carlisle (1966), using rats, demonstrated that when the hypothalamus was warmed by means of a small electrical heating coil, a reduction occurred in the rate at which the animals turned on an infra-red heater. He observed that even the animal in which the reduction was most marked did not stop responding and, on repeated trials, the effect became smaller.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the hypothalamus was cooled, while the animals were exposed to an ambient temperature in the region of their thermoneutral zone, the rats increased the rate at which they turned the heat on. Recently, Carlisle (1966) investigated the effect of heating the hypothalamus of the rat on the rate at which a trained animal turned on an infra-red heater. It was demonstrated that, during the periods when the hypothalamus was heated, there was a decrease in the rate at which the rats turned on the heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of heating and cooling the hypothalamus on behavioural thermoregulation in the pig

Baldwin¹,

Ingram²

1967

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMNARY1. Pigs were trained to push a switch with their snouts in order to obtain a short burst of infra-red heat on the skin.2. When the preoptic region of the hypothalamus was cooled by means of an implanted thermode, the rate at which the heaters were turned on increased at environmental temperatures ranging from 0 to 2500. At 30 and 350 C cooling sometimes had no effect.3. The preoptic region was warmed either by means of a thermode or using radio-frequency heating from implanted electrodes. Warming the preoptic region decreased the rate at which the infra-red heaters were turned on, but the effect was not as obvious as the increases observed during cooling.4. Pigs placed in a cold or neutral environment did not learn to push a switch in order to obtain radio frequency heating of the preoptic region.

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“…Animals with lesions of the PO/anterior hypothalamus have poor ability of autonomic thermoregulation; however, they can conduct behavioral thermoregulation 13,56) . The result may indicate that the PO is not so crucial for the behavioral processes as for autonomic processes 57,58) . Satinoff et al 56) reported that lesions of the lateral hypothalamus resulted in loss of behavioral thermoregulation.…”

Section: Behavioral Thermoregulation In the Heatmentioning

confidence: 93%

Central Mechanisms for Thermoregulation in a Hot Environment

Nagashima

2006

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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Homeothermic animals regulate body temperature by autonomic and behavioral thermoeffector responses. The regulation is conducted mainly in the brain. Especially, the preoptic area (PO) in the hypothalamus plays a key role. The PO has abundant warm-sensitive neurons, sending excitatory signals to the brain regions involved in heat loss mechanisms, and inhibitory signals to those involved in heat production mechanisms. The sympathetic fibers determine tail blood flow in rats, which is an effective heat loss process. Some areas in the midbrain and medulla are involved in the control of tail blood flow. Recent study also showed that the hypothalamus is involved in heat escape behavior in rats. However, our knowledge about behavioral regulation is limited. The central mechanism for thermal comfort and discomfort, which induce various behavioral responses, should be clarified. In the heat, dehydration affects both autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation by non-thermoregulatory factors such as high Na + concentration. The PO seems to be closely involved in these responses. The knowledge about the central mechanisms involved in thermoregulation is important to improve industrial health, e.g. preventing accidents associated with the heat or organizing more comfortable working environment.

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Behavioural Significance of Hypothalamic Temperature-Sensitive Cells

Cited by 63 publications

References 8 publications

Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature

Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature

The effect of heating and cooling the hypothalamus on behavioural thermoregulation in the pig

Central Mechanisms for Thermoregulation in a Hot Environment

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