Behavioural techniques for enhancing alertness and performance in shift work

Abstract

This paper reviews behavioural and cognitive methods for increasing alertness, enhancing performance, and decreasing long-term negative consequences due to shift work. Methods having the most potential for effective intervention include the short-term alerting effects of the optimal timing of work breaks, social activity during breaks, and sensory stimulation. Stress coping techniques and sleep hygiene information for workers and their families have the most potential for addressing longtcrm effects of shift work. Recommendations for areas requiring further investigation include the altering effects of bright light, fresh air, and cold water; performance enhanccmcnt through psychophysiological self-regulation and imagery; and the impact on performance of second jobs and family responsibilities.

Blood Pressure Increases During a Simulated Night Shift in Persons at Risk for Hypertension

“…Globalization of business often requires continuous operations around the clock. Individuals working under 24-h work conditions are more likely to experience a wide range of health-related effects including cardiovascular disorders [10,[31][32][33], psychosocial stress [34][35][36][37], and disturbed sleep [38][39][40][41].…”

Measures to counteract the negative effects of night work

“…As a result, shift workers should receive sleep hygiene advice (161). For shift workers who experience that shift work interferes with domestic life, family counseling may be used (162). As night work is associated with several health problems, night workers should undergo health assessments at regular intervals.…”

Cognitive Processing and Sleep: Implications for Enhancing Job Performance

“…As a practical matter there are a number of steps that could be taken to increase alertness so that sleep is less likely to occur at work. Interventions that have the most potential for short-term alerting effects include the optimal timing of work breaks, social activity during breaks, sensory stimulation (such as bright light and background music), imagery, exercise, and physiological self-regulation (see Penn & Bootzin, 1990, for a review of interventions for enhancing alertness and job performance).…”