Behind the scenes

Ahmad, Sharon

doi:10.1038/nrg1852

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As suggested earlier (de Gelder, 2006, 2009; Van den Stock et al, 2007) the preferential processing of affective signals from the body and/or face may depend on a number of factors and one may be the distance at which the observer finds himself from the stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fear Modulates Visual Awareness Similarly for Facial and Bodily Expressions

Stienen¹,

Gelder²

2011

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Background: Social interaction depends on a multitude of signals carrying information about the emotional state of others. But the relative importance of facial and bodily signals is still poorly understood. Past research has focused on the perception of facial expressions while perception of whole body signals has only been studied recently. In order to better understand the relative contribution of affective signals from the face only or from the whole body we performed two experiments using binocular rivalry. This method seems to be perfectly suitable to contrast two classes of stimuli to test our processing sensitivity to either stimulus and to address the question how emotion modulates this sensitivity. Method: In the first experiment we directly contrasted fearful, angry, and neutral bodies and faces. We always presented bodies in one eye and faces in the other simultaneously for 60 s and asked participants to report what they perceived. In the second experiment we focused specifically on the role of fearful expressions of faces and bodies. Results: Taken together the two experiments show that there is no clear bias toward either the face or body when the expression of the body and face are neutral or angry. However, the perceptual dominance in favor of either the face of the body is a function of the stimulus class expressing fear.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fear Modulates Visual Awareness Similarly for Facial and Bodily Expressions

Stienen¹,

Gelder²

2011

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…de Gelder (2009) reviews distinct neurophysiological mechanisms for reading and interpreting emotional body language, suggesting that effective robot communication should include appropriate recruitment of the whole body. In addition to gaze, fully body posture can be used to communicate emotional and likely cognitive states (Meeren et al, 2005; de Gelder, 2006, 2009; van de Riet et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

I Reach Faster When I See You Look: Gaze Effects in Human–Human and Human–Robot Face-to-Face Cooperation

Boucher¹,

Pattacini²,

Lelong³

et al. 2012

Front. Neurorobot.

114

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Human–human interaction in natural environments relies on a variety of perceptual cues. Humanoid robots are becoming increasingly refined in their sensorimotor capabilities, and thus should now be able to manipulate and exploit these social cues in cooperation with their human partners. Previous studies have demonstrated that people follow human and robot gaze, and that it can help them to cope with spatially ambiguous language. Our goal is to extend these findings into the domain of action, to determine how human and robot gaze can influence the speed and accuracy of human action. We report on results from a human–human cooperation experiment demonstrating that an agent’s vision of her/his partner’s gaze can significantly improve that agent’s performance in a cooperative task. We then implement a heuristic capability to generate such gaze cues by a humanoid robot that engages in the same cooperative interaction. The subsequent human–robot experiments demonstrate that a human agent can indeed exploit the predictive gaze of their robot partner in a cooperative task. This allows us to render the humanoid robot more human-like in its ability to communicate with humans. The long term objectives of the work are thus to identify social cooperation cues, and to validate their pertinence through implementation in a cooperative robot. The current research provides the robot with the capability to produce appropriate speech and gaze cues in the context of human–robot cooperation tasks. Gaze is manipulated in three conditions: Full gaze (coordinated eye and head), eyes hidden with sunglasses, and head fixed. We demonstrate the pertinence of these cues in terms of statistical measures of action times for humans in the context of a cooperative task, as gaze significantly facilitates cooperation as measured by human response times.

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“…Previous research has largely focused on the perception of facial expressions (Haxby et al, 2000; Adolphs, 2002). But our ability to communicate also relies heavily on decoding messages provided by body postures (de Gelder et al, 2004, 2010; de Gelder, 2006; Kret et al, 2011c). The first goal of the current study is to test to what extent facial expressions are recognized and processed as a function of the accompanied body posture and vice versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Face and Body Expressions Using Electromyography, Pupillometry and Gaze Measures

Kret¹,

Stekelenburg²,

Roelofs³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychology

140

134

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Traditional emotion theories stress the importance of the face in the expression of emotions but bodily expressions are becoming increasingly important as well. In these experiments we tested the hypothesis that similar physiological responses can be evoked by observing emotional face and body signals and that the reaction to angry signals is amplified in anxious individuals. We designed three experiments in which participants categorized emotional expressions from isolated facial and bodily expressions and emotionally congruent and incongruent face-body compounds. Participants’ fixations were measured and their pupil size recorded with eye-tracking equipment and their facial reactions measured with electromyography. The results support our prediction that the recognition of a facial expression is improved in the context of a matching posture and importantly, vice versa as well. From their facial expressions, it appeared that observers acted with signs of negative emotionality (increased corrugator activity) to angry and fearful facial expressions and with positive emotionality (increased zygomaticus) to happy facial expressions. What we predicted and found, was that angry and fearful cues from the face or the body, attracted more attention than happy cues. We further observed that responses evoked by angry cues were amplified in individuals with high anxiety scores. In sum, we show that people process bodily expressions of emotion in a similar fashion as facial expressions and that the congruency between the emotional signals from the face and body facilitates the recognition of the emotion.

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Behind the scenes

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Fear Modulates Visual Awareness Similarly for Facial and Bodily Expressions

Fear Modulates Visual Awareness Similarly for Facial and Bodily Expressions

I Reach Faster When I See You Look: Gaze Effects in Human–Human and Human–Robot Face-to-Face Cooperation

Perception of Face and Body Expressions Using Electromyography, Pupillometry and Gaze Measures

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