“Being there” and remembering it: Presence improves memory encoding

Makowski, Dominique; Sperduti, Marco; Nicolas, Serge; Piolino, Pascale

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.06.015

Cited by 88 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Immersive technology has been a driving force in the present research since the 1990s (Steuer 1992), based on the observation that IVE users have a stronger sense of the spatial presence, compared, for example, to those of low-immersive media types such as videos or desktop applications (Seibert and Shafer 2018;Kim et al 2014). Moreover, it has been argued that an increased feeling of the presence improves the effectiveness of VR applications (e.g., as tools for learning and training, entertainment or therapy; Cummings and Bailenson 2016;Hartmann et al 2015;Makowski et al 2017). This effectiveness is considered to be particularly high when users experience the IVE from the perspective of an avatar, i.e., as a functional part of the represented environment (Bailey et al 2016).…”

Section: Spatial Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

Hruby

2019

KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf.

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In recent years, immersion has become a frequently emphasized factor in the geovisualization research agenda. A principal reason for this growing interest is the assumption that immersive virtual environments (IVE) facilitate the formation of spatial presence, generally understood as the sense of "being there". In a virtually mediated environment, the feeling of being there is of particular concern for cartographic ambitions, in terms of generating insights through geospatial representation. Current literature indicates that immersive VR systems stimulate the experience of spatial presence; however, this assumption is mainly based upon user studies in the visual communication channel. Moreover, research on IVE for geovisualization matters has to date been focused on visual-graphical rather than on auditive or even multisensory representations in virtual space. In this context, the present paper aims to evaluate the potential of audiovisual cartography with immersive virtual environments. Following a brief discussion of basic concepts, such as immersion, spatial presence and embodiment, we will integrate these aspects into a geovisualization immersion pipeline (GIP), as a framework with which to systematically link the technical and cognitive aspects of IVE. In the subsequent sections, we will examine this framework in the audio channel by analyzing how sound is implemented and perceived in GeoIVE. As we shall see, the positive effect of a combined audio-visual vs. exclusively visual presentation is supported by a series of user studies of sound effects, making audiovisual cartography with IVE a rich and worthwhile field of research. ZusammenfassungVirtuelle Realität (VR) und Immersion haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren auf der Forschungsagenda der Kartographie fest etabliert. Ein Hauptgrund dieses wachsenden Interesses ist die Annahme, dass immersive virtuelle Umgebungen räumliches Präsenzerleben induzieren, so dass sich Rezipient/inn/en in einer medialen Umgebung anwesend fühlen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten innerhalb derselben wahrnehmen. Für das grundsätzliche Ziel der Kartographie, raumbezogenes Wissen durch Repräsentationen zu vermitteln, ist das Phänomen räumlichen Präsenzerlebens von besonderem Interesse. Rezente Studien weisen zwar darauf hin, dass immersive VR-Systeme ein hohes Präsenzerleben erzeugen können, stützen sich dabei jedoch in erster Linie auf Untersuchungen des visuellen Kommunikationskanals. Ebenso hat sich die kartographische Erforschung immersiver Umgebungen bislang vor allem visuellen bzw. graphischen, weniger aber auditiven und multisensorischen Repräsentationsformen gewidmet. Vor diesem Hintergrund versucht der vorliegende Text, das Potenzial einer audiovisuellen Kartographie in immersiven virtuellen Umgebungen zu bewerten. Der einleitenden Diskussion zentraler Termini (z.B. Immersion, räumliches Präsenzerleben, Embodiment) folgt eine Verknüpfung dieser Schlüsselbegriffe innerhalb einer kartographischen Immersionspipeline -eine Modellvorstellung, die technische und kognitive Aspekte imme...

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Section: Spatial Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

Hruby

2019

KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf.

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“…However, there is now an understanding that the value of virtual reality comes from immersion and the sense of presence -the feeling of 'being there' -that it generates. 3,4 As such, only VR that is immersive -using headsets that completely block out the real world -is now referred to as 'virtual reality'.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality and the transformation of medical education

Pottle¹

2019

Future Healthcare Journal

549

290

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Author: A co-founder and chief medical officer, Oxford Medical Simulation , London, UK would do in real life, then providing feedback and debrief on performance. Simulation is effective in many domains and has been found to be 'superior to traditional clinical education, producing powerful educational interventions that yield immediate and lasting results.' 1 However, while simulation is becoming central to healthcare education, it requires significantly more resources than traditional education. At a time when healthcare systems and educational institutions globally are struggling with growing demands and limited budgets, additional resources are hard to come by.Fortunately, there has been a recent dramatic expansion in the ways in which we can deliver medical education. This has not only been through the internet and mobile devices, but through immersive technologies. These technologies -including augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) -can transform how we deliver educational experiences.VR in particular has been adopted across medical and nursing fields. VR involves the user putting on a VR headset to become completely immersed in an interactive virtual environment. When used with appropriate educational software, this allows the user to learn from experience in the virtual world. This paper outlines what VR is; its strengths, its weaknesses, the evidence behind it, its use in practice and where the future lies. What is virtual reality?VR is the use of software to create an immersive simulated environment. Unlike traditional user interfaces, to experience VR, users put on head-mounted display (HMD) which places the user inside an experience, where they can engage with the environment and virtual characters in a way that feels real. VR has a unique power, more than any other technology that has ever existed, to make users believe they are in a different environment. This allows them to learn from experience as they would do in real life. 2 This ability to deliver experiences on demand is where the power of VR lies. Screen-based learningConfusingly, screen-based learning has previously been referred to as 'virtual reality' in the medical literature. However, there is now an understanding that the value of virtual reality comes from immersion and the sense of presence -the feeling of 'being there' -that it generates. 3,4 As such, only VR that is immersive -using headsets that completely block out the real world -is now referred to as 'virtual reality'. Medical education is changing. Simulation is increasingly becoming a cornerstone of clinical training and, though effective, is resource intensive. With increasing pressures on budgets and standardisation, virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a new method of delivering simulation. VR offers benefits for learners and educators, delivering cost-effective, repeatable, standardised clinical training on demand. A large body of evidence supportsVR simulation in all industries, including healthcare. Though VR is not a panacea, it is a powerful educational tool fo...

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“…Therefore, as fiction and emotion are connected in everyday life, a simple process of classical conditioning might explain the tendency to classify emotional stimuli as simulations. Yet the literature taking interest in the concept of presence (the feeling of being located in the current experience and responding to it as if it was real) showed that emotions tend to increase the feeling of reality, rather than decreasing it (Baños et al, 2004;Baños et al, 2008;Makowski, Sperduti, Nicolas, & Piolino, 2017;Riva et al, 2007;Västfjäll, 2003). This apparent contradiction might be better explained by the context of ER.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenal, bodily and brain correlates of fictional reappraisal as an implicit emotion regulation strategy

Makowski

Sperduti

Pelletier

et al. 2019

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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The ability to modulate our emotional experience, depending on our current goal and context, is of critical importance for adaptive behavior. This ability encompasses various emotion regulation strategies, such as fictional reappraisal, at stake whenever one engages in fictional works (e.g., movies, books, video games, virtual environments). Neuroscientific studies investigating the distinction between the processing of real and fictional entities have reported the involvement of brain structures related to selfrelevance and emotion regulation, suggesting a threefold interaction between the appraisal of reality, aspects of the Self, and emotions. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of implicit fictional reappraisal on different components of emotion, as well as on the modulatory role of autobiographical and conceptual self-relevance. While recording electrodermal, cardiac, and brain activity (EEG), we presented negative and neutral pictures to 33 participants, describing them as either real or fictional. After each stimulus, the participants reported their subjective emotional experience, self-relevance of the stimuli, as well as their agreement with their description. Using the Bayesian mixed-modeling framework, we showed that stimuli presented as fictional, compared with real, were subjectively appraised as less intense and less negative, and elicited lower skin conductance response, stronger heart-rate deceleration, and lower late positive potential amplitudes. Finally, these phenomenal and physiological changes did, to a moderate extent, rely on variations of specific aspects of self-relevance. Implications for the neuroscientific study of implicit emotion regulation are discussed.

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“Being there” and remembering it: Presence improves memory encoding

Cited by 88 publications

References 71 publications

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

Virtual reality and the transformation of medical education

Phenomenal, bodily and brain correlates of fictional reappraisal as an implicit emotion regulation strategy

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