“Being Trans Intersects with My Cultural Identity”: Social Determinants of Mental Health Among Asian Transgender People

Tan, Kyle K. H.; Yee, Ashe; Veale, Jaimie F.

doi:10.1089/trgh.2021.0007

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Two mixed methodological studies by Tristani-Friouzi et al (2021, 2022) conducted in the US suggested that financial costs were the main barrier to treatment reported by nonbinary adults. This treatment cost barrier has been shown to particularly affect nonbinary adults of lower socioeconomic status (Czimbalmos & Rask, 2022), as well as those who do not hold permanent residency or citizenship in their countries of residence (Tan et al, 2022). Further, in a qualitative study by Haire et al (2021), one participant (26 years old, Chinese Australian) reported that due to financial constraints, they sometimes had to choose between undergoing gender-affirming medical treatments or mental health care.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers reported by nonbinary adults when accessing gender-affirming medical treatments: A systematic scoping literature review.

Javier,

Maxwell,

Atkin

et al. 2024

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers reported by nonbinary adults when accessing gender-affirming medical treatments: A systematic scoping literature review.

Javier,

Maxwell,

Atkin

et al. 2024

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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“…In this study, Asian trans participants had a lower ability to negotiate protective barrier use. Earlier published Counting Ourselves data also showed they were more likely to have been rejected by a family member because they were trans or non‐binary [ 3 , 24 ]. In contrast, a previous US study found young trans women who reported having parental support consistently practiced safe sex [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PrEP awareness and protective barrier negotiation among transgender people attracted to men in Aotearoa New Zealand

et al. 2022

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Introduction Internationally, trans women are disproportionately impacted by HIV, encounter specific barriers navigating safer sex and face inequities accessing HIV prevention, including pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Aotearoa/New Zealand (hereafter Aotearoa) was one of the first countries internationally to publicly fund PrEP in 2018, including for trans people. However, few data exist on PrEP awareness or sexual negotiation among trans populations to guide implementation. We present the first Aotearoa data on trans people's ability to negotiate barrier protection and awareness of PrEP efficacy and availability. Methods We used data from a large, diverse community‐based nationwide survey of trans (including non‐binary) people in Aotearoa: Counting Ourselves ( N = 1178) conducted from 21 June to 30 September 2018. Generalized regression analyses were carried out among participants who have had sex ( n = 704; M age = 32.5) to identify associations between demographic factors (age, gender and sexual attraction, ethnicity, income, education qualification and current sex work involvement) and the Trans‐Specific Barrier Negotiation Self‐Efficacy (T‐Barrier) Scale and PrEP awareness. Results The mean value of a 40‐point T‐Barrier Scale was 33.45 (SD: 6.89), suggesting a relatively high perceived ability among our participants to negotiate protective barrier usages in different situations. Asian participants scored 3.46 points lower compared to Pākehā (White) participants, and trans women attracted to men (cisgender and/or trans men) scored 2.40 points higher than trans women not attracted to men. Three‐fifths (59.7%) were aware that PrEP reduced HIV risks and did not prevent sexually transmitted infections (STI) transmission, and only two‐fifths (40.2%) knew PrEP was publicly funded for trans people. In multivariate models, we found participants who were older, trans women or those with lower education qualifications were less likely to have increased levels of PrEP awareness. Conclusions Participants attracted to men have a higher potential need for PrEP and were more likely to report PrEP awareness and that they could negotiate protective barrier usage. However, trans women and those with lower educational qualifications reported lower levels of PrEP awareness. More trans‐competent sexual health education, drawing on the newly released PrEP guidelines, is needed to promote the benefits of PrEP in the Aotearoa HIV epidemic context, particularly for trans women.

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“…As comfort and confidence may develop from knowing that family and community provide support, TGD adults may seek support from other TGD adults in order to normalize and validate experiences of discrimination that come from being stigmatized (Pflum et al, 2015). Only 38% of participants, however, reported having the support of their family, which reflects a prior study of Asian TGD people living in New Zealand that found that less than half of participants (44%) reported that their family was supportive of their TGD identity (Tan et al, 2021). Given the range of implications of family support in the lives and experiences of Asian TGD people, greater attention to the mechanisms that link family support and discrimination may reveal opportunities to engage families in strategies to prevent or minimize violence towards Asian TGD individuals.…”

Section: Np21182mentioning

confidence: 95%

Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) Asian Americans in the United States: Experiences of Violence, Discrimination, and Family Support

Lerner

Lee

2021

J Interpers Violence

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Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) Asian Americans in the U.S. have multiple stigmatized identities, yet their experiences of violence and discrimination are not well understood. We utilized the 2015 United States Trans Survey, the largest survey to date with U.S. TGD people, to study the experiences of TGD Asian Americans. Our study included 699 TGD Asian Americans who experienced violence and discrimination in the form of unequal treatment, verbal harassment, and physical attack. We assessed how experiences differed by sociodemographic characteristics, including birthplace, income, age, education, disability, gender identity, and region. We also explored how family support was associated with experiences of violence in the sample. Bivariate analyses and multivariable regressions were used to understand how sociodemographic variables and family support are linked to experiences of violence and discrimination. Results indicated that income, age, disability, gender identity, and family support are significantly associated with violence and discrimination. As TGD Asian Americans currently experience high levels of violence and discrimination due to transphobia and a rapidly rising anti-Asian bias stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to better understand factors that may increase vulnerability and identify how family support can mitigate those experiences are imperative.

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“Being Trans Intersects with My Cultural Identity”: Social Determinants of Mental Health Among Asian Transgender People

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Barriers reported by nonbinary adults when accessing gender-affirming medical treatments: A systematic scoping literature review.

Barriers reported by nonbinary adults when accessing gender-affirming medical treatments: A systematic scoping literature review.

PrEP awareness and protective barrier negotiation among transgender people attracted to men in Aotearoa New Zealand

Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) Asian Americans in the United States: Experiences of Violence, Discrimination, and Family Support

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