Beiträge zur Ekzemfrage. II. Mitteilung. Die Rolle des Alkali in der Pathogenese des Ekzems speziell des Gewerbeekzems

Burckhardt, W

doi:10.1007/bf02059917

Cited by 64 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A simplification of this method was foil colorimetry, in which indicator-impregnated sheets of adsorbing strips were placed on the skin with a drop of water [86]. Subsequently, the skin buffering capacity was measured using a highly diluted solution of sodium hydroxide containing a pH indictor that was directly applied onto the skin [87]. The interpretation of the results was subjective and the accuracy poor [37], and the method was increasingly replaced by potentiometric pH measurement [45].…”

Section: Instrumentation To Measure Skin Surface Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEMCO Guidance for the in vivo Assessment of Skin Surface pH

Parra¹,

Paye²

2003

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

186

181

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The pH of the skin follows a sharp gradient across the stratum corneum (SC), which is suspected to play an important role in controlling the enzymatic activities involved in cellular metabolism and renewal. This gradient is maintained by several systems, such as sweat and sebum secretion and degradation as well as cellular metabolism. At the surface of the skin, what is measured is in fact an apparent skin pH due to extracted material from the SC diffusing into water applied at the surface. pH values recorded at the surface of a semi hydrophobic milieu such as the SC should be interpreted with great caution because it is obvious that hydrogen ions are not in a pure solution at the surface of the skin. For a correct measurement of skin surface pH, it is recommended to follow all practical operating conditions. Care must be taken in identifying the skin site, healthy controls (age, gender, skin type), the time of day of the measurement and the environmental conditions. Also, subjects should receive precise instructions before the test, mainly in terms of hygiene procedure or use of topical products. The interpretation of data should not overlook the fact that even small differences in pH may reflect significant modifications at the molecular level. Although it is usually agreed that the pH of the skin surface may influence the cutaneous microflora, much remains to be learnt about the role of the acid mantle of the skin with regard to defensins and other protective mechanisms.

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Section: Instrumentation To Measure Skin Surface Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEMCO Guidance for the in vivo Assessment of Skin Surface pH

Parra¹,

Paye²

2003

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

186

181

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“…A mild variation of the alkali/acid resistance tests, also called the acid/alkali neutralization test, assesses how quickly the skin is able to buffer applied acids/bases without the occurrence of skin corrosion. Repetitive applications of acid or base demonstrate that the skin's buffering capacity is limited and may be overcome, as illustrated by the long time required for neutralization (8–11).…”

Section: Skin's Acid Character and Buffer Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eccrine sweat initially accelerates the neutralization of alkalis (8–11, 16, 19, 21, 22). Spier and Pasher (23) suggest that the main buffering agents of sweat are lactic acid and amino acids (AAs).…”

Section: Skin's Acid Character and Buffer Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human skin buffering capacity: an overview

Levin

Maibach

2007

Skin Research and Technology

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Skin surface acidity can be measured according to two criteria, its value given by pH and its strength determined by the ability of the skin to resist an acidic/alkaline aggression (i.e. acidic/alkaline resistance and neutralization tests). It is the quantitative extent to which the skin resists these changes that defines the term buffer capacity or acid/alkali resistance and neutralization capacity of skin. We review studies investigating the possible mechanisms contributing to the buffering capacity of the epidermis via alkali/acidic aggression tests. This paper discerns which components of the epidermis are most likely responsible for the epidermal buffering ability.

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“…The following groups of patients have been reported: in 73% of alkali eczema and in 19% of healthy subjects [5,7]; in patients who were positive to soap on patch testing [40]; in alkali eczema but also in other eczemas [33,34); in occupational dermatoses [45]; in patients with eczema [25,41]; in alkali eczema but not often in other types of eczema, these being similar to normals [46]; in alkali eczema [19]; only in some sex and age-groups among eczematous patients [22]; in contact dermatitis [23,27], In test ing eczematous patients of defined sex and age-groups, a prolonged neutralization time was demonstrated compared to controls in 8 of 14 examined groups [15].…”

Section: Alkali Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Alkali Resistance and Slow Alkali Neutralization

Björnberg¹

1974

Dermatology

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In testing carefully selected and matched series of patients with hand eczema and their controls it was concluded that: (1) patients with healed hand eczema had a normal alkali neutralization and a normal alkali resistance on their legs, provided the eczema was healed. Therefore, the value of these tests in pre-employment testings to find ‘eczematous subjects’ could not be confirmed. (2) Patients with active eczema limited to the hands have a normal alkali neutralization and alkali resistance tests on their legs. This is relevant to ‘alkali eczema’. However, when the eczema involves other areas besides the hands, the alkali resistance test done on the normal looking skin of the legs is lowered. This seems to be due to a general non-specific increased skin reactivity to irritants which is provoked by the presence of the active eczema – ‘status eczematicus’. Testing with other irritants (sodium lauryl sulphate, hydrochloric acid, benzalkonium chloride, croton oil, and sapo kalinus) showed a parallel-increased skin reactivity.

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Beiträge zur Ekzemfrage. II. Mitteilung. Die Rolle des Alkali in der Pathogenese des Ekzems speziell des Gewerbeekzems

Cited by 64 publications

References 4 publications

EEMCO Guidance for the in vivo Assessment of Skin Surface pH

EEMCO Guidance for the in vivo Assessment of Skin Surface pH

Human skin buffering capacity: an overview

Low Alkali Resistance and Slow Alkali Neutralization

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