Bell correlations in a Bose-Einstein condensate

Schmied, Roman; Bancal, Jean-Daniel; Allard, Baptiste; Fadel, Matteo; Scarani, Valerio; Treutlein, Philipp; Sangouard, Nicolas

doi:10.1126/science.aad8665

Cited by 196 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[9] has the property of admitting a quantum violation lower bounded by a constant W opt < 0, while the largest possible value W max > 0 is achievable by a product state and increases linearly with the size of the system N. These properties imply that a small number of measurement rounds on a state of the form…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the discovery of multipartite Bell inequalities that only rely on one-and two-body correlators opened up new possibilities [8]. Although these inequalities have not yet lead to the realization of a multipartite Bell test, they have been used to derive witnesses able to detect Bell correlated states, i.e., states capable of violating a Bell inequality [9,10].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These witnesses have triggered two experiments [9,11] which successfully detect the presence of Bell correlations in a many-body system under the assumption of Gaussian statistics [12,13]. The witness used in Refs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The witness used in Refs. [9,11] involves one-and two-body correlation functions and takes the form W ≥ 0, where the inequality is satisfied by measurements on states that are not Bell correlated. Observation of a negative value for W then leads to the conclusion that the measured system is Bell correlated.…”

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Bell Correlations in a Many-Body System with Finite Statistics

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A recent experiment reported the first violation of a Bell correlation witness in a many-body system [Science 352, 441 (2016)]. Following discussions in this Letter, we address here the question of the statistics required to witness Bell correlated states, i.e., states violating a Bell inequality, in such experiments. We start by deriving multipartite Bell inequalities involving an arbitrary number of measurement settings, two outcomes per party and one-and two-body correlators only. Based on these inequalities, we then build up improved witnesses able to detect Bell correlated states in many-body systems using two collective measurements only. These witnesses can potentially detect Bell correlations in states with an arbitrarily low amount of spin squeezing. We then establish an upper bound on the statistics needed to convincingly conclude that a measured state is Bell correlated.

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Bell Correlations in a Many-Body System with Finite Statistics

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“…95.030105 Ever since the advent of modern quantum theory almost a century ago, one perplexing question has been the boundary between quantum mechanics and classical physics. Considering just two particles, Bell showed [1,2] that reasonable assumptions consistent with classical physics lead to predictions that are inconsistent with the measurement results [3][4][5][6][7]. For macroscopic systems, Schrödinger's gedanken experiment of a simultaneously dead and alive cat highlights the question about the quantum-classical boundary in larger and larger systems [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

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Strictly nonclassical behavior of a mesoscopic system

Vendeiro

Chen

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. A

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We experimentally demonstrate the strictly nonclassical behavior in a many-atom system using a recently derived criterion [E. Kot et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 233601 (2012)] that explicitly does not make use of quantum mechanics. We thereby show that the magnetic-moment distribution measured by McConnell et al. [Nature (London) 519, 439 (2015)] in a system with a total mass of 2.6 × 10 5 atomic mass units is inconsistent with classical physics. Notably, the strictly nonclassical behavior affects an area in phase space 10 3 times larger than the Planck quantumh. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.030105 Ever since the advent of modern quantum theory almost a century ago, one perplexing question has been the boundary between quantum mechanics and classical physics. Considering just two particles, Bell showed [1,2] that reasonable assumptions consistent with classical physics lead to predictions that are inconsistent with the measurement results [3][4][5][6][7]. For macroscopic systems, Schrödinger's gedanken experiment of a simultaneously dead and alive cat highlights the question about the quantum-classical boundary in larger and larger systems [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Within the conceptual framework of quantum mechanics, one can establish definite and quantitative criteria for entanglement [16][17][18][19][20], and hence potential nonclassicality. However, one may argue that an experiment never confirms a theory as valid, but only fails to violate it. Therefore, mere consistency with results derived from quantum mechanics does not rule out a description within classical physics. It is therefore interesting to identify and experimentally test criteria that are formulated within classical physics, without assuming the validity or concepts of quantum mechanics [21].In quantum optics, criteria that distinguish nonclassical states of light from classical ones [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] were developed early, and tested successfully in experiments [30,31], such as antibunching [22,23,30], Klyshko's criterion [24,25], and nonclassical statistical properties [22,[26][27][28][29]31]. Some of these demonstrations [30,31] have become standard methods to verify classes of nonclassical states, such as the singlephoton states [30], and sub-Poissonian states [31].More tests have been performed on atomic and molecular systems. One such approach is to test the wave properties of larger and larger molecules, and one day perhaps even living objects, through double-slit interference experiments [32]. The largest objects to date for which matter-wave interference fringes have been observed are molecules consisting of 430 atoms, with a total mass of 6910 atomic mass units (amu) [12], and interference experiments with even larger molecules appear possible [13][14][15]. Another possible test ground are superconducting qubits, where superpositions of current involving several thousand electrons have been inferred [33].Other methods to detect the breakdown of classical physics have been proposed [34][35][36], and some of them have...

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Quantum Correlations: Theory

Fadel

2021

Many-Particle Entanglement, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering and Bell Correlations in Bose-Einstein Condensates

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Bell correlations in a Bose-Einstein condensate

Cited by 196 publications

References 33 publications

Bell Correlations in a Many-Body System with Finite Statistics

Bell Correlations in a Many-Body System with Finite Statistics

Strictly nonclassical behavior of a mesoscopic system

Quantum Correlations: Theory

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